How a Process-Based Idionomic Approach Changes our Understanding of Mindfulness as a Method and Process DOI Open Access
Steven C. Hayes, Baljinder K. Sahdra, Joseph Ciarrochi

et al.

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Mindfulness research began with broad hypotheses such as “Mindfulness reduces stress” or drives well-being.” As has evolved, we a field have begun to think more in terms of individual heterogeneity, but the still appear be linear and fairly general, “more mindfulness will lead well-being for some.” our process focus becomes nuanced, need networks relations. That kind network thinking is progressive, it cannot reliably done purely nomothetically. Average processes are not at all, average do escape requirement ergodicity applied confidence individuals. We bottom-up change measures methods truly understand how skills impact people’s lives. Incorporating into evidence-based care positive thing, differs from spiritual religious traditions that developed over thousands years. empirical clinicians, learn wiser deploy these way makes them safe individuals cultures. Every matters journey, so aspirations unique work must measured, modeled, understood allows their voices heard.

Language: Английский

Evolving an idionomic approach to processes of change: Towards a unified personalized science of human improvement DOI
Steven C. Hayes, Joseph Ciarrochi, Stefan G. Hofmann

et al.

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 156, P. 104155 - 104155

Published: July 3, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

140
Through the extended evolutionary meta-model, and what ACT found there: ACT as a process-based therapy DOI Creative Commons
Clarissa W. Ong, Joseph Ciarrochi, Stefan G. Hofmann

et al.

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32, P. 100734 - 100734

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

This article is part of a special issue in the

Language: Английский

Citations

21
A process-based approach to cognitive behavioral therapy: A theory-based case illustration DOI Creative Commons
Clarissa W. Ong, Steven C. Hayes, Stefan G. Hofmann

et al.

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 25, 2022

Despite the significant contribution of cognitive-behavioral therapy to effective treatment options for specific syndromes, progress has been stagnating, with response rates plateauing over past several years. This stagnation led clinical researchers call an approach that instead focuses on processes change and individual in their particular context. Process-based (PBT) is a general representing model models, grounded evolution science, emphasis idiographic methods, network models case conceptualization, enhancing wellbeing. In this paper, we describe theory underlying PBT present study how apply tools principles deliver process-informed person-centered evidence-based treatment. addition, discuss lessons learned from our provide suggestions future considerations when implementing settings.

Language: Английский

Citations

43
The Compassion Balance: Understanding the Interrelation of Self- and Other-Compassion for Optimal Well-being DOI Creative Commons
Baljinder K. Sahdra, Joseph Ciarrochi,

Madeleine I. Fraser

et al.

Mindfulness, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 1997 - 2013

Published: July 27, 2023

Abstract Objectives This study examined the role of self-other harmony in relations between self-compassion, other-compassion, and well-being. Past research has shown self- other-compassion to be positively related. But we hypothesised that self-compassion can perceived as incompatible with might uncorrelated or negatively correlated daily life for some individuals. We termed this pattern lack compassion it would undermine benefits compassion. Method Using an experience sampling method patients ( n =154) a variety diagnoses, measured life-satisfaction, mood, contextual variables six times per day 42 time points. Results For most participants, was associated other-compassion. However, there substantial heterogeneity effect. The degree moderated link directed towards self other Higher levels were higher well-being, but only those who experienced harmony. When two forms not harmony, self/other-compassion largely unrelated Conclusions findings emphasise importance personalised interventions rather than one-size-fits-all approach. Increasing is likely improve well-being people. minority lacking may necessary assess their interpretation then work them promote balance optimal Preregistration preregistered.

Language: Английский

Citations

25
The Idionomic Future of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: What Stands Out From Criticisms of ACT Development DOI Creative Commons
Steven C. Hayes, Stefan G. Hofmann, Joseph Ciarrochi

et al.

Behavior Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(6), P. 1036 - 1063

Published: July 28, 2023

The present special section critical of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy or Training (ACT in either case) its basis psychological flexibility, relational frame theory, functional contextualism, contextual behavioral science (CBS) contains both worthwhile criticisms fundamental misunderstandings. Noting the important historical role that behavior analysis has played cognitive therapy (CBT) tradition, we argue CBS as a modern face analytic thinking potentially positive to play CBT going forward. We clarify contextualism link ethical behavior, attempting clear up misunderstandings could seriously undermine genuine scientific conversations. then examine limits using syndromes protocols for further developing models methods; measurement processes change driving progress toward more personalized interventions; how pragmatically useful concepts can help basic inform practice; small- large-scale studies contribute progress; all these strands be pulled together benefit humanity. In each area, will require major modifications our traditional approaches such areas psychometrics, conduct randomized trials, findings normative statistics, use data from diverse cultures marginalized populations. There have been multiple generational shifts field's history, similar shift appears taking place once again.

Language: Английский

Citations

23
Testing the applicability of idionomic statistics in longitudinal studies: The example of ‘doing what matters’ DOI Creative Commons
Baljinder K. Sahdra, Joseph Ciarrochi, Korena S. Klimczak

et al.

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32, P. 100728 - 100728

Published: Feb. 18, 2024

This study evaluated idionomic methods for identifying within-person links between therapeutically relevant processes and outcomes, using an ecological momentary assessment dataset of valued action hedonic well-being (participants (n) = 425; 71.76% female; age M(SD) 22.20 (6.85); sampling design: 3–4 prompts per day; total measurements 6456). We compared the approach, integrating idiographic nomothetic insights, with traditional multilevel modeling (MLM). Our included autoregressive integrative moving average models exogenous variable (i-ARIMAX), multivariate random-effects meta-analysis (RE-MA), deep Gaussian mixture (DGMM), vector autoregression (Multilevel-VAR). The results showed that i-ARIMAX outperformed MLM in capturing heterogeneity affect variables. Increases values-based living were positively related to but this effect a high degree heterogeneity. A sub-group was identified, which we labeled 'Stoics,' whose daily engagement actions did not produce higher (e.g., lower sadness or joy). Multilevel-VAR further revealed Stoics, stressful situations linked action, well-being. For Non-Stoics, less likely situations, when occur it associated more joy sadness. offers initial evidence suggesting superiority approach over purely one diverse pathways clinically outcomes. Idionomic may be useful even necessary personalizing psychological interventions, thus need considered by researchers practitioners alike.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
A Personalised Approach to Identifying Important Determinants of Well-being DOI Creative Commons
Joseph Ciarrochi, Baljinder K. Sahdra, Steven C. Hayes

et al.

Cognitive Therapy and Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(4), P. 1 - 22

Published: May 28, 2024

Abstract Purpose To develop effective and personalized interventions, it is essential to identify the most critical processes or psychological drivers that impact an individual’s well-being. Some may be universally beneficial well-being across many contexts people, while others only certain individuals in specific contexts. Method We conducted three intensive daily diary studies, each with more than 50 within-person measurement occasions, data sets (n1 = 44; n2 37; n3 141). aimed investigate individual differences strength of associations between distinct process measures a variety outcomes. utilized unique idiographic algorithm, known as i-ARIMAX (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average), determine relationship (Beta) outcome within (“i”). All computed betas were then subjected meta-analyses, treated “study”. Results The results revealed process-outcome links varied significantly individuals, surpassing homogeneity typically seen meta-analyses studies. Although several showed group-level effects, no was found when considered individually. For instance, involving social behavior, like being assertive, did not demonstrate any loneliness but still had significant individual-level effects from positive negative. Discussion Using might help reduce number candidate variables for complex analyses. Additionally, size pattern could prove useful guiding interventions.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Embracing the Complexity of our Inner Worlds: Understanding the Dynamics of Self-Compassion and Self-Criticism DOI Creative Commons

Madeleine Ferrari,

Joseph Ciarrochi, Keong Yap

et al.

Mindfulness, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1652 - 1661

Published: May 16, 2022

Abstract Objectives Although research in self-compassion has been rapidly growing, there is still substantial controversy about its meaning and measurement. The centers on Neff’s popular Self- Compassion Scale (SCS) the argument that compassionate self-responding (CSR) uncompassionate (UCS) are a single dimension versus they two semi-independent, unipolar dimensions, with UCS not reflective of “true” self-compassion. Methods We review evidence for both positions conclude data cannot yet resolve debate. Results Neither position proven to be right or wrong. recommend way forward let go traditional factor analytic approaches examine self-compassionate behavior as dynamic network interacting processes influenced by context. This leads us three classes testable hypotheses. link between CS will depend timeframe measurement, current circumstances, individual differences. Conclusions propose middle ground SCS debate; rather than supporting total score, 2-factor score (CSR UCS) 6-factor (the six subscales SCS), we argue these constructs interact dynamically, decision which scoring method use should contextual

Language: Английский

Citations

35
Better, for worse, or both? Testing environmental sensitivity models with parenting at the level of individual families DOI Creative Commons
Savannah Boele, Anne Bülow, Amaranta D. de Haan

et al.

Development and Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(2), P. 674 - 690

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Abstract According to environmental sensitivity models, children vary in responsivity parenting. However, different models propose patterns, with primarily: (1) adverse parenting (adverse sensitive); or (2) supportive (vantage (3) both (differentially susceptible). This preregistered study tested whether these three patterns coexist. We used intensive longitudinal data of Dutch adolescents ( N = 256, M age 14.8, 72% female) who bi-weekly reported on and their psychological functioning t mean 17.7, max 26). Dynamic Structural Equation Models (DSEM) indeed revealed differential effects. As hypothesized, we found that all coexisted our sample: 5% were sensitive, 3% vantage 26% differentially susceptible. No adolescent appeared unsusceptible, however. Instead, labeled 28% as unperceptive, because they did not perceive any changes scored lower trait than others. Furthermore, unexpected emerged, 37% responding contrary theories (e.g., decreased after more parental support). Sensitivity analyses concurrent effects parent-reported performed. Overall, findings indicate theorized responsivity-to-parenting might coexist the population, there are other, previously undetected go beyond models.

Language: Английский

Citations

20
Methodological and Statistical Practices of Using Symptom Networks to Evaluate Mental Health Interventions: A Review and Reflections DOI Creative Commons
Lea Schumacher, Julian Burger, Jette Echterhoff

et al.

Multivariate Behavioral Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 59(4), P. 663 - 676

Published: May 11, 2024

The network approach to psychopathology, which assesses associations between individual symptoms, has recently been applied evaluate treatments for mental disorders. While various options conducting analyses in intervention research exist, an overview and evaluation of the approaches are currently missing. Therefore, we conducted a review on research. Studies were included if they constructed symptom network, analyzed data that collected before, during or after treatment disorder, yielded information about effect. 56 studies reviewed regarding their methodological analytic strategies. About half based from randomized trials analysis, while other compared networks groups. majority estimated cross-sectional networks, even when repeated measures available. All but five investigated group level. This highlights current practices limit can be gained through We discuss strength limitations certain strategies propose further work is needed use full potential

Language: Английский

Citations

7