International Journal of Energy Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
2025(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
To
replace
fossil
diesel,
biodiesel
is
produced
by
the
transesterification
of
vegetable
oils.
improve
environmental
sustainability,
can
be
using
waste
cooking
oil
(WCO).
highlight
to
broad
relevance
this
process,
we
analyzed
sustainability
WCO‐derived
based
on
commercial
industrial‐scale
machinery
and
compared
representative
plant
designs
with
productivities
5–30
t/day.
The
technical
feasibility
was
in
terms
productivity,
operating
costs,
power
consumption,
land
footprint,
machine
delivery
cost,
number
workers,
diesel
consumption.
economic
evaluated
cost‐to‐profit
ratio,
cost
profit
per
ton
biodiesel,
daily
profit.
quantified
amounts
WCO
energy
CO
2
emissions
avoided
remanufacturing.
social
(potential
for
human
development)
workers
labor
costs.
required
remanufacturing
technology
considered
sufficiently
mature
proposed
process
minimizes
amount
sent
landfill
avoids
use
new
resources
producing
thereby
satisfying
requirements,
respectively.
Although
remanufactured
more
expensive
produce
than
a
range
3423–27,525
USD/day
achievable.
Significant
prevented
WCO,
example,
7–23.1
Mt/year
China
7.1–23.2
India.
High
technical,
environmental,
economic,
indexes
0.99,
0.92,
0.98,
respectively,
were
calculated,
giving
high
overall
index
(SI)
highlighting
process.
applicability
results,
analysis
method
could
replicated
local
metrics
tailor
conclusions
suit
specific
requirements
certain
city
or
country,
considering
additional
limitations
taxes,
regulations,
incentives.
Journal of Environmental Management,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
302, P. 114088 - 114088
Published: Nov. 16, 2021
The
rapidly
developing
agro-industry
generates
huge
amounts
of
lignocellulosic
crop
residues
and
animal
manure
worldwide.
Although
co-composting
represents
a
promising
cost-effective
method
to
treat
various
agricultural
wastes
simultaneously,
poor
composting
efficiency
prolongs
total
completion
time
deteriorates
the
quality
final
product.
However,
supplementation
feedstock
with
beneficial
microorganisms
can
mitigate
these
negative
effects
by
facilitating
decomposition
recalcitrant
materials,
enhancing
microbial
enzyme
activity,
promoting
maturation
humus
formation
during
process.
Nevertheless,
influence
inoculation
may
vary
greatly
depending
on
certain
factors,
such
as
start-up
parameters,
structure
feedstock,
inoculation,
composition
cultures
used.
purpose
this
contribution
is
review
recent
developments
in
procedures
involving
different
farm
combined
strategies.
To
evaluate
effectiveness
additives,
results
reported
large
number
peer-reviewed
articles
were
compared
terms
process
parameters
(i.e.,
temperature,
organic
carbon
nitrogen
contents,
rate
lignocellulose
fractions,
etc.)
compost
characteristics
(humification,
C/N
ratio,
macronutrient
content,
germination
index).
Most
studies
confirmed
that
use
amendments
an
efficient
way
facilitate
biodegradation
improve
sustainable
management
wastes.
Overall,
paper
provides
insights
into
techniques,
identifies
limitations
current
challenges
co-composting,
especially
recommends
areas
for
further
research
field.
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9(1), P. 74 - 74
Published: Jan. 13, 2021
Maritime
transport
and
ports
are
among
the
most
important
linkages
between
global
economies,
handling
more
than
90%
of
internationally
traded
goods.
Economic
importance
maritime
imposes
significant
implications
on
social
environmental
performance
port
regions.
The
paper
aims
to
create
composite
indices
as
relevant,
scientific-based
tools
used
in
comparing
monitoring
various
aspects
sustainability
across
37
sea
regions
seven
countries
European
side
Mediterranean,
covering
a
five-year
period
from
2014
2018.
model
encompasses
Eurostat
OECD
annual
NUTS2
level
data
economic,
dimensions
sustainability.
Two
indicators
activity,
freight
passengers,
included
within
group
economic
indicators.
To
indices,
multicriteria
decision
making
(MCDM)
framework
was
an
integrated
approach
entropy
weighting
segment,
Preference
Ranking
Organization
METHod
for
Enrichment
Evaluations
(PROMETHEE)
aggregation
method.
results
highlight
GDP
per
capita
population
density
greatest
relative
when
it
comes
ranking
indicate
that,
despite
fact
that
Attica
is
best
ranked
region
terms
overall
sustainability,
largest
number
top
rated
Italy,
Spain
France.
Journal of Cleaner Production,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
413, P. 137445 - 137445
Published: May 11, 2023
Alternative
fuels
are
the
subject
of
growing
interest
among
both
researchers
and
practitioners.
In
this
aspect,
to
properly
handle
problem
proper
evaluating
alternative
fuels,
appropriate
methods,
tools
undoubtedly
needed.
Since
evaluation
sustainable
similarly,
like
most
sustainability
problems,
has
a
multi-criteria
character,
methods
have
potential
be
employed
here.
Analysis
domain
indicates
that
classical
not
exactly
suitable
for
use
in
cases
where,
instead
single
matrix
alternatives,
we
set
them
collected
particular
periods.
Therefore,
developing
dedicated
approach
considers
specifics
given
is
necessary.
For
purpose,
paper
proposes
new
Temporal
Preference
Ranking
Organization
Method
Enrichment
Evaluations
II
(PROMETHEE
II)
method
temporal
evaluation.
Hence,
presented
solves
limitations
occurring
previously
developed
methods.
addition
aspect
options
under
consideration,
proposed
makes
it
possible
accurately
grasp
dynamics
outcomes
put
into
an
easy-to-interpret
result.
A
practical
contribution
applying
consumption
road
transport.
assessment
model
was
built
based
on
data
32
European
countries
acquired
from
Union's
statistical
office
(Eurostat).
imprecision
modeling
sensitivity
analysis
demonstrated
analytical
and,
simultaneously,
PROMETHEE
method's
superiority.
The
comparative
clearly
shows
results
robust
reliable,
various
problems.
research
fuel
mix
its
shape
as
well
progression
maintained
by
Scandinavian
such
Norway
Sweden.
