Porous scaffolds for bone regeneration

Journal of Science Advanced Materials and Devices, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 1 - 9

Published: Feb. 7, 2020

Globally, bone fractures due to osteoporosis occur every 20 s in people aged over 50 years. The significant healthcare costs required manage this problem are further exacerbated by the long healing times experienced with current treatment practices. Novel approaches such as tissue engineering, is using biomaterial scaffolds stimulate and guide regeneration of damaged that cannot heal spontaneously. Scaffolds provide a three-dimensional network mimics extra cellular micro-environment supporting viability, attachment, growth migration cells whilst maintaining structure regenerated vivo. osteogenic capability scaffold influenced interconnections between pores which facilitate cell distribution, integration host capillary ingrowth. Hence, preparation applicable pore size interconnectivity issue engineering. To be effective however vivo, must also cope requirements for physiological mechanical loading. This review focuses on relationship porosity subsequent osteogenesis, vascularisation degradation during regeneration.

Language: Английский

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The utilization of selective laser melting technology on heat transfer devices for thermal energy conversion applications: A review

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 91, P. 420 - 442

Published: June 1, 2018

This paper reviews advanced heat transfer devices utilizing manufacturing technologies, including well-established thermal management applications. Several factors have recently contributed to developing novel devices. One of the potential technologies revolutionizing field energy conversion is additive (AM), colloquially known as three-dimensional (3D) printing. technology permits engineers develop a product with high level freeform features both internally and externally within complex 3D geometry. Among different AM approaches, selective laser melting (SLM) well-used technique for products lower cost-to-complexity ratio quicker time production compared other processes. The integration SLM into exchangers (HXs) sinks (HSs) has strong potential, especially fabricate customized shapes. aim this research review advancement in design complexities industrial incorporating metal fabrication. not meant put ceiling on process, but enable an overview capabilities presents opportunities challenges related application connection HXs HSs, well pipes (HPs). latter are passive utilized many control applications, electronics cooling

Language: Английский

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Crystallization in Confinement

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 32(31)

Published: June 25, 2020

Many crystallization processes of great importance, including frost heave, biomineralization, the synthesis nanomaterials, and scale formation, occur in small volumes rather than bulk solution. Here, influence confinement on is described, drawing together information from fields as diverse bioinspired mineralization, templating, pharmaceuticals, colloidal crystallization, geochemistry. Experiments are principally conducted within confining systems that offer well-defined environments, varying droplets microfluidic devices, to cylindrical pores filtration membranes, nanoporous glasses carbon nanotubes. Dramatic effects observed, a stabilization metastable polymorphs, depression freezing points, formation crystals with preferred orientations, modified morphologies, even structures not seen bulk. Confinement also shown over length scales ranging atomic hundreds micrometers, originate wide range mechanisms. The development an enhanced understanding crystal nucleation growth will only provide superior insight into many real-world but enable this phenomenon be used control applications nanomaterial synthesis, heavy metal remediation, prevention weathering.

Language: Английский

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Emergent Properties of Microbial Activity in Heterogeneous Soil Microenvironments: Different Research Approaches Are Slowly Converging, Yet Major Challenges Remain

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Aug. 27, 2018

Over the last 60 years, soil microbiologists have accumulated a wealth of experimental data showing that usual bulk, macroscopic parameters used to characterize soils (e.g., granulometry, pH, organic matter and biomass contents) provide insufficient information describe quantitatively activity microorganisms some its outcomes, like emission greenhouse gases. Clearly, new, more appropriate are needed, which reflect better spatial heterogeneity at microscale (i.e., pore scale). For long time, spectroscopic microscopic tools were lacking quantify processes scale, but major technological advances over 15 years made suitable equipment available researchers. In this context, objective present article is review progress achieved date in significant research program has ensued. This can be rationalized as sequence steps, namely quantification modeling physical-, (bio)chemical-, microbiological properties soils, integration these different perspectives into unified theory, upscaling and, eventually, development new approaches measure characteristics. At stage, been on physical front, lesser extent (bio)chemical one well, both terms experiments modeling. microbial aspects, whereas lot work devoted bacterial fungal appropriateness model assumptions cannot readily assessed because relevant extremely scarce. overall move forward, it will crucial make sure components systems does not keep lagging behind Concerning subsequent steps program, very little various disciplinary occurred so far, result, researchers yet able tackle scaling up level. Many challenges, them daunting, remain path ahead.

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive study on geometric, topological and fractal characterizations of pore systems in low-permeability reservoirs based on SEM, MICP, NMR, and X-ray CT experiments

Marine and Petroleum Geology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 103, P. 12 - 28

Published: Feb. 9, 2019

Language: Английский

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Pore-scale modelling and sensitivity analyses of hydrogen-brine multiphase flow in geological porous media

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: April 16, 2021

Abstract Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in initially brine-saturated deep porous rocks is a promising large-scale energy technology, due to hydrogen’s high specific capacity and the volumetric of aquifers. Appropriate selection feasible safe site vitally depends on understanding transport characteristics subsurface. Unfortunately there exist no robust experimental analyses literature properly characterise this complex process. As such, work, we present systematic pore-scale modelling study quantify crucial reservoir-scale functions relative permeability capillary pressure their dependencies fluid reservoir rock conditions. To conduct conclusive study, absence sufficient data, rigorous sensitivity analysis has been performed impacts uncertain properties these upscaled functions. The parameters are varied around base-case, which obtained through matching existing study. Moreover, cyclic hysteretic multiphase flow also studied, relevant aspect for hydrogen-brine projects. applies predict formations, micro-scale contact angle (i.e., wettability) structure.

Language: Английский

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Pore-scale simulation of shale oil flow based on pore network model

Fuel, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 251, P. 683 - 692

Published: April 18, 2019

Language: Английский

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Connecting theory and simulation with experiment for the study of diffusion in nanoporous solids

Adsorption, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(5), P. 683 - 760

Published: April 22, 2021

Abstract Nanoporous solids are ubiquitous in chemical, energy, and environmental processes, where controlled transport of molecules through the pores plays a crucial role. They used as sorbents, chromatographic or membrane materials for separations, catalysts catalyst supports. Defined confinement effects lead to substantial deviations from bulk diffusion, nanoporous include crystalline microporous zeotypes metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), number semi-crystalline amorphous mesoporous solids, well hierarchically structured materials, containing both nanopores wider meso- macropores facilitate over macroscopic distances. The ranges pore sizes, shapes, topologies spanned by these represent considerable challenge predicting molecular diffusivities, but fundamental understanding also provides an opportunity guide design new increase performance limited processes. Remarkable progress synthesis increasingly allows designs be put into practice. Molecular simulation techniques have been conjunction with experimental measurements examine detail diffusion processes within provide insight free energy landscape navigated adsorbates, better understand nano-confinement effects. Pore network models, discrete particle models synthesis-mimicking atomistic allow tackle porous multiscale approaches benefit ever cheaper parallel computing higher resolution imaging. Here, we discuss synergistic combinations experiment showcase theoretical computational that successful guest providing insights. We outline developments needed enable more accurate predictions complex systems.

Language: Английский

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Continuum Modeling of Porous Electrodes for Electrochemical Synthesis

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 122(12), P. 11022 - 11084

Published: May 4, 2022

Electrochemical synthesis possesses substantial promise to utilize renewable energy sources power the conversion of abundant feedstocks value-added commodity chemicals and fuels. Of potential system architectures for these processes, only systems employing 3-D structured porous electrodes have capacity achieve high rates necessary industrial scale. However, phenomena environments in are not well understood challenging probe experimentally. Fortunately, continuum modeling is well-suited rationalize observed behavior electrochemical synthesis, as ultimately provide recommendations guiding design next-generation devices components. In this review, we begin by presenting an historical review electrode systems, with aim showing how past knowledge macroscale can contribute rising challenge synthesis. We then present a detailed overview governing physics assumptions required simulate Leveraging developed understanding porous-electrode theory, survey discuss literature reports on simulating multiscale order demonstrate their relevance improving performance Lastly, our perspectives regarding future directions development models that most accurately describe predict such best applications models.

Language: Английский

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Groundwater Quality and Health: Making the Invisible Visible

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(13), P. 5125 - 5136

Published: March 6, 2023

Linking groundwater quality to health will make the invisible visible, but there are knowledge gaps understand linkage which requires cross-disciplinary convergent research. The substances in that critical can be classified into five types according sources and characteristics: geogenic substances, biogenic elements, anthropogenic contaminants, emerging pathogens. most intriguing questions related quantitative assessment of human ecological risks exposure via natural or induced artificial discharge: What is list released from discharging groundwater, what pathways receptors' substances? How quantify flux during discharge? procedures we follow assess Answering these fundamental for humans deal with challenges water security quality. This perspective provides recent progresses, gaps, future trends understanding between health.

Language: Английский

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