Cancer nanomedicine: progress, challenges and opportunities

Nature reviews. Cancer, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 20 - 37

Published: Nov. 11, 2016

Language: Английский

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Overview of Extracellular Vesicles, Their Origin, Composition, Purpose, and Methods for Exosome Isolation and Analysis

Cells, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. 727 - 727

Published: July 15, 2019

The use of extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes, as carriers biomarkers in spaces has been well demonstrated. Despite their promising potential, the exosomes clinical setting is restricted due to lack standardization exosome isolation and analysis methods. purpose this review not only introduce different types vesicles but also summarize differences similarities, discuss methods currently used. A thorough understanding being used could lead some field exosomal research, allowing become a reality.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes: biogenesis, biologic function and clinical potential

Cell & Bioscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 15, 2019

Exosomes are nano-sized biovesicles released into surrounding body fluids upon fusion of multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane. They were shown to carry cell-specific cargos proteins, lipids, genetic materials, can be selectively taken up by neighboring or distant cells far from their release, reprogramming recipient bioactive compounds. Therefore, regulated formation exosomes, specific makeup cargo, cell-targeting specificity immense biological interest considering extremely high potential exosomes as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers, well therapeutic nanocarriers. In present review, we outline discuss recent progress in elucidation regulatory mechanisms exosome biogenesis, molecular composition technologies used research. Furthermore, focus on use valuable prognostic biomarkers for cell-lineage state-specific contents, possibilities vehicles drug gene delivery. Exosome research is now its infancy, in-depth understanding subcellular components involved will bring light physiological activities.

Language: Английский

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Progress in Exosome Isolation Techniques

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 789 - 804

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

Exosomes are one type of membrane vesicles secreted into extracellular space by most types cells. In addition to performing many biological functions particularly in cell-cell communication, cumulative evidence has suggested that several entities exosomes like proteins and microRNAs closely associated with the pathogenesis human malignancies they may serve as invaluable biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, therapy. This provides a commanding impetus growing demands simple, efficient, affordable techniques isolate exosomes. Capitalizing on physicochemical biochemical properties exosomes, number have been developed isolation article summarizes advances exosome an emphasis their mechanism, performance, challenges, prospects. We hope this will provide overview techniques, opening up new perspectives towards development more innovative strategies devices time saving, cost effective, efficient isolations from wide range matrices.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes as therapeutic drug carriers and delivery vehicles across biological membranes: current perspectives and future challenges

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 6(4), P. 287 - 296

Published: March 9, 2016

Exosomes are small intracellular membrane-based vesicles with different compositions that involved in several biological and pathological processes. The exploitation of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles offers important advantages compared to other nanoparticulate systems such liposomes polymeric nanoparticles; non-immunogenic nature due similar composition body׳s own cells. In this article, the origin structure well their functions outlined. We will then focus on specific applications pharmaceutical development. An overview challenges faced when using a also be discussed.

Language: Английский

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Engineering exosomes for targeted drug delivery

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 3183 - 3195

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles that involved in the intercellular transportation of materials. Therapeutics, such as small molecules or nucleic acid drugs, can be incorporated into exosomes and then delivered to specific types cells tissues realize targeted drug delivery. Targeted delivery increases local concentration therapeutics minimizes side effects. Here, we present a detailed review engineering through genetic chemical methods for Although still its infancy, exosome-mediated boasts low toxicity, immunogenicity, high engineerability, holds promise cell-free therapies wide range diseases.

Language: Английский

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Engineering exosomes as refined biological nanoplatforms for drug delivery

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 38(6), P. 754 - 763

Published: April 10, 2017

Exosomes, a subgroup of extracellular vesicles (EVs), have been recognized as important mediators long distance intercellular communication and are involved in diverse range biological processes. Because their ideal native structure characteristics, exosomes promising nanocarriers for clinical use. Exosomes engineered at the cellular level under natural conditions, but successful exosome modification requires further exploration. The focus this paper is to summarize passive active loading approaches, well specific modifications examples delivery therapeutic imaging molecules. Examples derived from variety origins also provided. biocompatible characteristics exosomes, with suitable modifications, can increase stability efficacy probes therapeutics while enhancing uptake. Challenges translation exosome-based platforms different cell sources advantages each reviewed discussed.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes: key players in cancer and potential therapeutic strategy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Aug. 5, 2020

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells and participate in intercellular communication. The components of exosomes, including proteins, DNA, mRNA, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, circular etc., which play a crucial role regulating tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis the process cancer development, can be used as prognostic marker and/or grading basis for patients. Hereby, we mainly summarized followed: exosome contents cancer, focusing on proteins RNA; interaction between exosomes microenvironment; mechanisms that epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion migration affected exosomes; suppression strategies based exosomes. Finally, application potential clinical diagnosis therapy is prospected, providing theoretical supports using to serve precise treatment clinic.

Language: Английский

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The Smart Drug Delivery System and Its Clinical Potential

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 6(9), P. 1306 - 1323

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

With the unprecedented progresses of biomedical nanotechnology during past few decades, conventional drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been involved into smart DDSs with stimuli-responsive characteristics. Benefiting from response to specific internal or external triggers, those well-defined nanoplatforms can increase targeting efficacy, in meantime, reduce side effects/toxicities payloads, which are key factors for improving patient compliance. In academic field, variety abundantly demonstrated various intriguing systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, metals/metal oxides, and exosomes. However, these lack standardized manufacturing method, toxicity assessment experience, clear relevance between pre-clinical clinical studies, resulting huge difficulties obtain regulatory ethics approval. Therefore, relatively complex stimulus-sensitive nano-DDSs not currently approved use. this review, we highlight recent advances delivery. Furthermore, translation obstacles faced by reviewed discussed. We also present future directions perspectives stimuli-sensitive DDS applications.

Language: Английский

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Nanomaterials for cancer therapy: current progress and perspectives

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 31, 2021

Abstract Cancer is a disease with complex pathological process. Current chemotherapy faces problems such as lack of specificity, cytotoxicity, induction multi-drug resistance and stem-like cells growth. Nanomaterials are materials in the nanorange 1–100 nm which possess unique optical, magnetic, electrical properties. used cancer therapy can be classified into several main categories. Targeting cells, tumor microenvironment, immune system, these nanomaterials have been modified for wide range therapies to overcome toxicity enhance drug capacity well bioavailability. Although number studies has increasing, approved nano-drugs not increased much over years. To better improve clinical translation, further research needed targeted delivery by nano-carriers reduce toxicity, permeability retention effects, minimize shielding effect protein corona. This review summarizes novel fabricated use, discusses current limitations obstacles that hinder translation from provides suggestions more efficient adoption therapy.

Language: Английский

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