The delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides

Nucleic Acids Research, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 44(14), P. 6518 - 6548

Published: April 15, 2016

The oligonucleotide therapeutics field has seen remarkable progress over the last few years with approval of first antisense drug and promising developments in late stage clinical trials using siRNA or splice switching oligonucleotides. However, effective delivery oligonucleotides to their intracellular sites action remains a major issue. This review will describe biological basis including nature various tissue barriers mechanisms cellular uptake trafficking It then examine variety current approaches for enhancing includes molecular scale targeted ligand-oligonucleotide conjugates, lipid- polymer-based nanoparticles, antibody conjugates small molecules that improve delivery. merits liabilities these be discussed context underlying basic biology.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Nanoparticles and Their Targeted Delivery Applications

Molecules, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 2193 - 2193

Published: May 8, 2020

Nanotechnology offers many advantages in various fields of science. In this regard, nanoparticles are the essential building blocks nanotechnology. Recent advances nanotechnology have proven that acquire a great potential medical applications. Formation stable interactions with ligands, variability size and shape, high carrier capacity, convenience binding both hydrophilic hydrophobic substances make favorable platforms for target-specific controlled delivery micro- macromolecules disease therapy. Nanoparticles combined therapeutic agents overcome problems associated conventional therapy; however, some issues like side effects toxicity still debated should be well concerned before their utilization biological systems. It is therefore important to understand specific properties strategies. Here, we provide an overview on unique features We emphasize type clinically used specificity applications, as current strategies diseases such cancer, infectious, autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, ocular, pulmonary diseases. Understanding characteristics environment will enable us establish novel treatment, prevention, diagnosis diseases, particularly untreatable ones.

Language: Английский

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Tumor exosome-based nanoparticles are efficient drug carriers for chemotherapy

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Aug. 23, 2019

Developing biomimetic nanoparticles without loss of the integrity proteins remains a major challenge in cancer chemotherapy. Here, we develop biocompatible tumor-cell-exocytosed exosome-biomimetic porous silicon (PSiNPs) as drug carrier for targeted Exosome-sheathed doxorubicin-loaded PSiNPs (DOX@E-PSiNPs), generated by exocytosis endocytosed DOX-loaded from tumor cells, exhibit enhanced accumulation, extravasation blood vessels and penetration into deep parenchyma following intravenous administration. In addition, DOX@E-PSiNPs, regardless their origin, possess significant cellular uptake cytotoxicity both bulk cells stem (CSCs). These properties endow DOX@E-PSiNPs with great vivo enrichment total side population features CSCs, resulting anticancer activity CSCs reduction subcutaneous, orthotopic metastatic models. results provide proof-of-concept use exocytosed promising efficient

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles round off communication in the nervous system

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 160 - 172

Published: Feb. 19, 2016

Language: Английский

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Recent advancements in the use of exosomes as drug delivery systems

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Oct. 16, 2018

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the substances that released by most types of cells and have an important role in cell to communication. Among highly researched EVs exosome. Recent studies show exosomes derived from different roles targets. Many exosome can efficiently deliver many kinds cargo target cell. Therefore, they often used therapeutic for treatment. The been include both natural ones those modified with other increase delivery ability. This article provides a review various their ability delivering

Language: Английский

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Liquid biopsy: a step closer to transform diagnosis, prognosis and future of cancer treatments

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: March 18, 2022

Over the past decade, invasive techniques for diagnosing and monitoring cancers are slowly being replaced by non-invasive methods such as liquid biopsy. Liquid biopsies have drastically revolutionized field of clinical oncology, offering ease in tumor sampling, continuous repeated devising personalized therapeutic regimens, screening resistance. consist isolating tumor-derived entities like circulating cells, DNA, extracellular vesicles, etc., present body fluids patients with cancer, followed an analysis genomic proteomic data contained within them. Methods isolation rapidly evolved over few years described review, thus providing greater details about characteristics progression, staging, heterogeneity, gene mutations, clonal evolution, etc. from cancer opened up newer avenues detection monitoring, treatment based on precision medicine, markers Though technology is still evolving, its nature promises to open new eras oncology. The purpose this review provide overview current methodologies involved their application detection, prognosis, outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Prospects and challenges of extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery system: considering cell source

Drug Delivery, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 585 - 598

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are nanosized membrane derived from most cell types. Carrying diverse biomolecules their parent cells, EVs important mediators of intercellular communication thus play significant roles in physiological pathological processes. Owing to natural biogenesis process, generated with high biocompatibility, enhanced stability, limited immunogenicity, which provide multiple advantages as drug delivery systems (DDSs) over traditional synthetic vehicles. have been reported be used for the siRNAs, miRNAs, protein, small molecule drugs, nanoparticles, CRISPR/Cas9 treatment various diseases. As a vectors, can penetrate into tissues bioengineered enhance targetability. Although EVs' characteristics make them ideal delivery, EV-based remains challenging, due lack standardized isolation purification methods, loading efficiency, insufficient clinical grade production. In this review, we summarized current knowledge on application DDS perspective different origin weighted bottlenecks DDS.

Language: Английский

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Biological Functions and Current Advances in Isolation and Detection Strategies for Exosome Nanovesicles

Small, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 14(6)

Published: Dec. 28, 2017

Exosomes are nanoscale (≈30-150 nm) extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin that shed by most types cells and circulate in bodily fluids. carry a specific composition proteins, lipids, RNA, DNA can work as cargo to transfer this information recipient cells. Recent studies on exosomes have shown they play an important role various biological processes, such intercellular signaling, coagulation, inflammation, cellular homeostasis. These functional roles attributed their ability enzymes, thereby affecting the physiological pathological conditions diseases, including cancer neurodegenerative, infectious, autoimmune diseases (e.g., initiation, progression, metastasis). Due these unique characteristics, considered promising biomarkers for diagnosis prognosis via noninvasive or minimally invasive procedures. Over last decade, plethora methodologies been developed analyzing disease-specific using optical nonoptical tools. Here, major functions, significance, potential therapeutics discussed. Furthermore, overview commonly used techniques exosome analysis, highlighting technical challenges limitations existing techniques, is presented.

Language: Английский

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Review on Strategies and Technologies for Exosome Isolation and Purification

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

Exosomes, a nano-sized subtype of extracellular vesicles secreted from almost all living cells, are capable transferring cell-specific constituents the source cell to recipient cell. Cumulative evidence has revealed exosomes play an irreplaceable role in prognostic, diagnostic, and even therapeutic aspects. A method that can efficiently provide intact pure samples is first step both exosome-based liquid biopsies therapeutics. Unfortunately, common exosomal separation techniques suffer operation complexity, time consumption, large sample volumes low purity, posing significant challenges for downstream analysis. Efficient, simple, affordable methods isolate crucial carrying out relevant researches. In last decade, emerging technologies, especially microfluidic chips, have proposed superior strategies exosome isolation exhibited fascinating performances. While many excellent reviews overviewed various methods, compressive review including updated/improved indispensable. Herein, we overview properties, biogenesis, contents, functions. Then, briefly outline conventional technologies discuss clinical applications these technologies. Finally, large-scale GMP production engineered open up future perspectives next-generation Exo-devices cancer diagnosis treatment.

Language: Английский

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Targeting and Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier with Extracellular Vesicles

Cells, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 851 - 851

Published: April 1, 2020

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most complex and selective barriers in human organism. Its role to protect brain preserve homeostasis central nervous system (CNS). elements this physical physiological are endothelial cells that form a monolayer tightly joined covering capillaries. However, as regulate nutrient delivery waste product elimination, they very sensitive signals sent by surrounding their environment. Indeed, neuro-vascular unit (NVU) corresponds assembly extracellular matrix, pericytes, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia neurons have ability influence BBB physiology. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play terms communication between cells. NVU no exception, each cell can produce EVs could help short or long distances. Studies shown able cross from bloodstream well blood CNS. Furthermore, peripheral interact with leading changes barrier’s properties. This review focuses on current knowledge potential applications regarding associated BBB.

Language: Английский

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