Exosomes and Ectosomes in Intercellular Communication

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 28(8), P. R435 - R444

Published: April 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Innovative approaches for cancer treatment: current perspectives and new challenges

ecancermedicalscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 10, 2019

Every year, cancer is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide and, even though much progress has been achieved in medicine, there are still many issues that must be addressed order to improve therapy. For this reason, oncological research putting a lot effort towards finding new and efficient therapies which can alleviate critical side effects caused by conventional treatments. Different technologies currently under evaluation clinical trials or have already introduced into practice. While nanomedicine contributing the development biocompatible materials both diagnostic therapeutic purposes, bioengineering extracellular vesicles cells derived from patients allowed designing ad hoc systems univocal targeting strategies. In review, we will provide an in-depth analysis most innovative advances basic applied research.

Language: Английский

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Exosomal circRNAs: biogenesis, effect and application in human diseases

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: July 5, 2019

Exosomes have emerged as critical mediators of intercellular communication, both locally and systemically, by regulating a diverse range biological processes between cells. Circular RNA (circRNA) is novel member endogenous noncoding RNAs with widespread distribution cellular functions. Recently, circular been identified for their enrichment stability in exosomes. In this review, we outline the origin, biogenesis function exosomal circRNAs well roles various diseases. Although precise mechanisms gene regulation remain largely elusive, potential applications disease biomarkers therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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Aptamer-Based Detection of Circulating Targets for Precision Medicine

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(19), P. 12035 - 12105

Published: March 5, 2021

The past decade has witnessed ongoing progress in precision medicine to improve human health. As an emerging diagnostic technique, liquid biopsy can provide real-time, comprehensive, dynamic physiological and pathological information a noninvasive manner, opening new window for medicine. Liquid depends on the sensitive reliable detection of circulating targets (e.g., cells, extracellular vesicles, proteins, microRNAs) from body fluids, performance which is largely governed by recognition ligands. Aptamers are single-stranded functional oligonucleotides, capable folding into unique tertiary structures bind their with superior specificity affinity. Their mature evolution procedure, facile modification, affinity regulation, as well versatile structural design engineering, make aptamers ideal ligands biopsy. In this review, we present broad overview aptamer-based techniques We begin recent advances aptamer selection, followed summary state-of-the-art strategies multivalent assembly interface modification. will further describe micro-/nanoisolation platforms, aptamer-enabled release methods, aptamer-assisted signal amplification strategies. Finally, our perspectives regarding opportunities challenges

Language: Английский

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Exosome-shuttled miR-216a-5p from hypoxic preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells repair traumatic spinal cord injury by shifting microglial M1/M2 polarization

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Feb. 4, 2020

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to severe motor and sensory dysfunction with high disability mortality. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secreted nano-sized exosomes have shown great potential for promoting functional behavioral recovery following SCI. However, MSCs are usually exposed normoxia in vitro, which differs greatly from the hypoxic micro-environment vivo. Thus, main purpose of this study was determine whether derived under hypoxia (HExos) exhibit greater effects on than those (Exos) SCI mice seek underlying mechanism.Electron microscope, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), western blot were applied characterize differences between Exos HExos group. A model vivo a series vitro experiments performed compare therapeutic two groups. Next, miRNA microarray rescue conducted verify role exosomal Western blot, luciferase activity, RNA-ChIP used investigate mechanisms.Our results indicate that promote by shifting microglial polarization M1 M2 phenotype vitro. array showed miR-216a-5p be most enriched potentially involved HExos-mediated polarization. TLR4 identified as target downstream gene miR-216a-5p/TLR4 axis confirmed gain- loss-of-function experiments. Finally, we found TLR4/NF-κB/PI3K/AKT signaling cascades may modulation miR-216a-5p.Hypoxia preconditioning represents promising effective approach optimize actions MSC-derived combination miRNAs present minimally invasive method treating

Language: Английский

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Design strategies and application progress of therapeutic exosomes

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 1015 - 1028

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Exosomes have great potential to be drug delivery vehicles due their natural material transportation properties, intrinsic long-term circulatory capability, and excellent biocompatibility, which are suitable for delivering a variety of chemicals, proteins, nucleic acids, gene therapeutic agents.However, an effective method loading specific protein agents into exosomes absorption by target cells is still lacking.The application exosome limited.In this review, we discussed the methods treating molecules (proteins, acids small chemicals) exosomes, design strategies cell tissue targeting, factors formation.This review can used as reference further research well development exosomes.

Language: Английский

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Progress in Microfluidics‐Based Exosome Separation and Detection Technologies for Diagnostic Applications

Small, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 16(9)

Published: Oct. 30, 2019

Abstract Exosomes are secreted by most cell types and circulate in body fluids. Recent studies have revealed that exosomes play a significant role intercellular communication closely associated with the pathogenesis of disease. Therefore, considered promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis. However, always mixed other components Consequently, separation methods allow high‐purity high‐throughput high recovery rate detection techniques rapid, highly sensitive, specific, low limit indispensable diagnostic applications. For decades, many exosome been developed to achieve aforementioned goals. cases, these two performed separately, which increases operation complexity, time consumption, cost. The emergence microfluidics offers way integrate functions into single chip. Herein, an overview conventional microfluidics‐based is presented. Moreover, advantages drawbacks compared.

Language: Английский

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Regulation of exosome production and cargo sorting

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 163 - 177

Published: Dec. 16, 2020

Cellular communication can be mediated by the exchange of biological information, mainly in form proteins and RNAs.This occur when extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, secreted a donor cell are internalized an acceptor cell.Exosomes bear specific repertoires RNAs, indicating existence mechanisms that control sorting molecules into them.Knowledge about loadings processes cargo exosomes is essential to shed light on physiological pathological functions these vesicles well clinical applications involving their use and/or analysis.In this review, we will discuss molecular associated with exosome secretion sorting, special attention RNAs proteins, thus outcome emerging therapeutic opportunities between exosome-producer recipient cells.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review on Factors Influences Biogenesis, Functions, Therapeutic and Clinical Implications of Exosomes

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: Volume 16, P. 1281 - 1312

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Abstract: Exosomes are nanoscale-sized membrane vesicles secreted by almost all cell types into the extracellular environment upon fusion of multivesicular bodies and plasma membrane. Biogenesis exosomes is a protein quality control mechanism, once released, transmit signals to other cells. The applications have increased immensely in biomedical fields owing their cell-specific cargos that facilitate intercellular communications with neighboring cells through transfer biologically active compounds. diverse constituents reflect origin detection biological fluids represents diagnostic marker for various diseases. Exosome research expanding rapidly due potential clinical application therapeutics diagnosis. However, several aspects exosome biology remain elusive. To discover use applications, we must better understand basic molecular mechanisms underlying biogenesis function. In this comprehensive review, describe factors involved role signaling cell-cell communications, immune responses, cellular homeostasis, autophagy, infectious addition, discuss as markers, therapeutic implications. Furthermore, addressed challenges outstanding developments research, future perspectives. Keywords: vesicle, exosome, biogenesis, function, communication, response, autophagy

Language: Английский

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Avoiding Pre-Isolation Step in Exosome Analysis: Direct Isolation and Sensitive Detection of Exosomes Using Gold-Loaded Nanoporous Ferric Oxide Nanozymes

Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 91(6), P. 3827 - 3834

Published: Feb. 8, 2019

Most of the current exosome-analysis strategies are time-consuming and largely dependent on commercial extraction kit-based preisolation step, which requires extensive sample manipulations, costly isolation kits, reagents, tedious procedures, sophisticated equipment is prone to bias/artifacts. Herein we introduce a simple method for direct subsequent detection specific population exosomes using an engineered superparamagnetic material with multifunctional properties, namely, gold-loaded ferric oxide nanocubes (Au-NPFe2O3NC). In this method, Au-NPFe2O3NC were initially functionalized generic tetraspanin (exosomes-associated) antibody (i.e., CD63) dispersed in fluids where they work as "dispersible nanocarriers" capture bulk exosomes. After magnetic collection purification, Au-NPFe2O3NC-bound transferred tissue-specific, antibody-modified, screen-printed electrode. As proof principle, used placental marker, placenta alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), detect secreted from cells. The peroxidase-like activity was then accomplish enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based sensing protocol naked-eye observation along UV-visible electrochemical PLAP-specific present cell-conditioned media. We demonstrated excellent agreement analytical performance cell-derived linear dynamic range, 103-107 exosomes/mL; limit detection, 103 relative standard deviation (%RSD) <5.5% n = 3) without "total exosome kit"-based step. envisage that highly sensitive, rapid, inexpensive could be useful quantifying populations various clinical applications, focusing pregnancy complications.

Language: Английский

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