SARS‐CoV‐2 and natural infection in animals

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 95(1)

Published: Sept. 19, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has caused serious challenges for public health systems worldwide. Due to close relationship between animals and humans, confirmed transmission from humans numerous animal species been reported. Understanding cross-species SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics in different crucial control COVID-19 protect health. In this review, possible origins naturally susceptible are discussed. Furthermore, review categorizes by families, so as better understand animals.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 infection in brown-headed spider monkeys ( Ateles fusciceps ) at a wildlife rescue center on the coast of Ecuador—South America

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

ABSTRACT Human populations can be affected in unpredictable ways by the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases. The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic was a reminder how devastating these events if left unchecked. However, once they have globally, impact diseases when entering non-exposed wildlife is unknown. current study reports infection brown-headed spider monkeys ( Ateles fusciceps ) at rescue center Ecuador. Four were hospitalized, all tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) RT-qPCR (Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR). Fecal samples n = 12) from also positive; three zookeepers responsible feeding deworming positive, suggesting human-animal transmission. Whole genome sequencing identified most samples’ omicron clade 22B BA.5 lineage. These findings highlight threat posed an emerging species importance preventing spillover spillback during epidemic or events. IMPORTANCE Although has been primarily contained humans through widespread vaccination, incidence coronavirus) its transmission epidemiology may need to addressed. In some natural environments, proximity animals difficult control, creating perfect scenarios where susceptible acquire virus humans. places, it essential understand occur develop protocols prevent infection. This with SARS-CoV-2, red-listed monkey species, recovery indicating potential between primates such future.

Language: Английский

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Perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Zoological Institutions

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 78 - 78

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in a zoological institution were initially reported March 2020. Since then, at least 94 peer-reviewed cases have been zoos worldwide. Among the affected animals, nonhuman primates, carnivores, and artiodactyls appear to be most susceptible infection, with Felidae family accounting for largest number of cases. Clinical symptoms tend mild across taxa; although, certain species exhibit increased susceptibility disease. A variety diagnostic tools are available, allowing initial diagnostics monitoring infectious risk. Whilst supportive therapy proves sufficient cases, monoclonal antibody has emerged as promising additional treatment option. Effective transmission SARS-CoV-2 some raises concerns over potential spillover formation reservoirs. The occurrence animal may contribute emergence variants concern due altered viral evolutionary constraints. Consequently, this review emphasizes need effective biosecurity measures surveillance strategies prevent control institutions.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in dogs and cats in a highly infected area of Brazil during the pandemic

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 was a worldwide threat during the COVID-19 pandemic, and state of Mato Grosso had second highest mortality rate in Brazil, with 427. 4 deaths/100,000 inhabitants. However, no large-scale study among dogs cats such highly infected areas Brazil has so far been conducted. Accordingly, present reports on serosurvey Cuiabá, capital from November 2020 to July 2021, where human 605/100,000 at that time. Overall, 33/762 (4.3%) 4/182 (2.2%) were found be seropositive for through ELISA, 3/762 (0.4%) 3/182 (1.6%) serum neutralization test. Cats presented higher seroprevalence titers neutralizing antibodies. Although N-protein based ELISA may good screening test, cross-reactivity other canine coronaviruses impair its diagnostic use dogs.

Language: Английский

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Perspectives on Conservation Impacts of the Global Primate Trade

International Journal of Primatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(4), P. 972 - 999

Published: May 10, 2024

Abstract The global trade in nonhuman primates represents a substantial threat to ecosystem health, human and primate conservation worldwide. Most of the involves for pet-keeping, consumption, or biomedical experimentation. We present an overview international through five case studies; each describes different facet this trade. draw on published scientific literature, media outlets, open access datasets, including CITES Trade Database build these studies. Case study 1 role introduced island populations Macaca Chlorocebus experimentation; 2 covers health threats posed by trade, zoonotic disease transmission once animals enter pipeline; 3 addresses ways that changing patterns from local markets online, have increased demand as pets; 4 recognizes environmental activism can play mitigating trade; 5 shows variation between regions their contribution recommend greater oversight especially domestic within range countries, real-time reporting accurately track Effective conservation-focused regulations minimise negative effects must be tailored specific species require transparency, careful regulation, field research, understanding magnitude

Language: Английский

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Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer in Pennsylvania 2021–2024

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. e1012883 - e1012883

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

SARS-CoV-2 continues to transmit and evolve in humans animals. White-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) have been previously identified as a zoonotic reservoir for with high rates of infection probable spillback into humans. Here we report sampling 1,127 white-tailed (WTD) Pennsylvania, genomic analysis viral dynamics spanning 1,017 days between April 2021 January 2024. To assess load genotypes, RNA was isolated from retropharyngeal lymph nodes analyzed using RT-qPCR whole genome sequencing. Samples showed 14.64% positivity rate by RT-qPCR. Analysis no association prevalence age, sex, or diagnosis Chronic Wasting Disease. From the 165 positive WTD, recovered 25 sequences an additional 17 spike-targeted amplicon sequences. The variants included Alpha, 11 Delta, 14 Omicron. Alpha largely stopped circulating around September 2021, but persisted WTD recently March 2023. Phylodynamic pooled data Pennsylvania documents at least 12 spillovers including recent series Omicron spillovers. Prevalence higher regions crop coverage rather than forest, suggesting proximity seasonality increased winter spring. Multiple examples recurrent mutations were associated transmissions, WTD-specific evolutionary pressures. These document ongoing infections deer, onward transmission remarkable new

Language: Английский

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Cross-Species Surveillance of Respiratory Viruses in Domestic and Wild Mammals of an Urban Atlantic Forest from Brazil

EcoHealth, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Abstract Our aim was to investigate respiratory viruses circulating in animals from the urban Atlantic Forest, which is located most densely populated area near Rio de Janeiro Brazil. This study focused on detection of Influenza A and diverse coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, domestic wild animals, bats, nonhuman primates, rodents, marsupials. From August 2020 September 2022, biological samples were collected a total 72 pets, 66 20 36 marsupials, 390 bats. Samples tested using RT-PCR for positive sequenced. When blood available, they SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. All terrestrial negative evidence infection with viruses. However, 17 phyllostomid Great fruit-eating bat ( Artibeus lituratus ), Silky short-tailed Carollia brevicauda Seba's perspicillata Common big-eared Micronycteris microtis Greater spear-nosed Phyllostomus hastatus White-lined broad-nosed Platyrrhinus lineatus Little yellow-shouldered Sturnira lilium round-eared Tonatia bidens vampire Desmodus rotundus coronaviruses classified as Alphacoronavirus . adds new information occurrence bats contributes long-term program surveillance. Developing active surveillance wildlife species, implemented this study, crucial understanding zoonotic risks preventing future global pandemics.

Language: Английский

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One Health Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Non-Human Primates and Small Mammals in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 356 - 356

Published: April 6, 2025

Although the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic primarily affected human population, virus has also been detected in various animal species worldwide, raising concerns about its potential to establish new reservoirs. This study aimed investigate presence of non-human primates (NHPs) and synanthropic small mammals (SSMs) Jequitinhonha Valley Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Between October 2021 2023, 119 animals were sampled, 82 NHPs 37 SSMs, across 22 municipalities. A total 342 biological samples—including oral nasal swabs, lungs, livers, spleens, blood, feces—were collected analyzed using RT-qPCR, while serum samples submitted neutralization tests. Despite diversity sampled species, habitats, materials, no evidence infection or specific antibodies was any individuals tested. The results suggest that SSMs these regions did not act as reservoirs for during period. finding is particularly relevant given high synanthropy such Callithrix penicillata (black-tufted marmoset) Rattus rattus (black rat), which frequently interact with populations. Our underscores importance integrating animal, human, environmental health perspectives under a One Health framework monitor emerging zoonotic threats. By providing baseline data on dynamics wildlife, we emphasize need ongoing ecological epidemiological surveillance assess spillover events their implications biodiversity public

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 as a Zooanthroponotic Infection: Spillbacks, Secondary Spillovers, and Their Importance

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 2166 - 2166

Published: Oct. 31, 2022

In the midst of a persistent pandemic probable zoonotic origin, one needs to constantly evaluate interplay SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2) with animal populations. Animals can get infected from humans, and certain species, including mink white-tailed deer, exhibit considerable animal-to-animal transmission resulting in potential endemicity, mutation pressure, possible secondary spillover humans. We attempt comprehensive review available data on species by SARS-CoV-2, as presented scientific literature official reports relevant organizations. further lessons humans should learn outbreaks, deer zoo threat for conservation, implication rodents evolution novel variants such Omicron, role pets reservoirs virus. Finally, we outline need broader approach epidemics, general, incorporating principles One Health Planetary Health.

Language: Английский

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Possible Spreading of SARS-CoV-2 from Humans to Captive Non-Human Primates in the Peruvian Amazon

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 732 - 732

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Human-to-animal transmission events of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) have been reported in both domestic and wild species worldwide. Despite the high rates contagion mortality during COVID-19 (Coronavirus Diseases 2019) pandemic Peru, no instances natural virus infection documented animals, particularly Amazonian regions where human–wildlife interactions are prevalent. In this study, we conducted a surveillance investigation using viral RNA sequencing fecal samples collected from 76 captive semi-captive non-human primates (NHPs) Loreto, Ucayali, Madre de Dios between August 2022 February 2023. We detected segment RNA-dependent polymerase (RdRp) gene by metagenomic pooled sample white-fronted capuchins (Cebus unicolor) at rescue center Bello Horizonte, Ucayali. Phylogenetic analysis further confirmed that retrieved partial sequence RdRp matched genome. This study represents first instance molecular detection NHPs Peruvian Amazon, underscoring adverse impact anthropic activities on human–NHP interface emphasizing importance ongoing for early prediction future emergence new variants animals.

Language: Английский

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