Effect of Hyperglycemia on COVID-19 Outcomes: Vaccination Efficacy, Disease Severity, and Molecular Mechanisms DOI Open Access
Celestino Sardu, Raffaele Marfella, Francesco Prattichizzo

et al.

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1564 - 1564

Published: March 12, 2022

Background/Aims: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive-stranded single-stranded RNA virus, member of the subgenus Sarbecovirus (beta-CoV lineage B) and responsible for disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 encompasses large range severity, from mild symptoms to forms with Intensive Care Unit admission eventually death. are usually observed in high-risk patients, such as those type two diabetes mellitus. Here, we review available evidence linking chronic hyperglycemia outcomes, describing also putative mediators interactions. Findings/Conclusions: Acute at hospital represents risk factor poor prognosis patients without diabetes. glycemic control both emerging major determinants vaccination efficacy, severity mortality rate patients. Mechanistically, it has been proposed that might be disease-modifier through multiple mechanisms: (a) induction glycation oligomerization ACE2, main receptor SARS-CoV-2; (b) increased expression serine protease TMPRSS2, S protein priming; (c) impairment function innate adaptive immunity despite higher pro-inflammatory responses, local systemic. Consistently, managing insulin infusion suggested improve clinical while implementing positively affects immune response following vaccination. Although more research warranted better disentangle relationship between COVID-19, worth considering potential route optimize prevention management.

Language: Английский

Fighting the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic requires a global approach to understanding the heterogeneity of vaccine responses DOI Open Access

Jeffrey Tomalka,

Mehul S. Suthar, Steven G. Deeks

et al.

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 360 - 370

Published: Feb. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

40
Periodontitis and coronavirus disease 2019 DOI Open Access
Faleh Tamimi,

Shiraz Altigani,

Mariano Sanz

et al.

Periodontology 2000, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 89(1), P. 207 - 214

Published: March 4, 2022

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 is usually a mild condition; however, in some cases it can result sickness and even death. Thus, understanding the reasons behind these grave outcomes of great importance. Coronavirus periodontitis share intriguing characteristics. They both lead to systemic inflammation alterations coagulation pathways, confounding factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity. Accordingly, possible association between conditions has been hypothesized literature. objective this review was evaluate scientific evidence linking diseases underlying mechanisms. Evidence shown that presents oral manifestations affect periodontal tissues. Moreover, studies have severity presence periodontitis. Current suggests could be explained through direct role bacteria aggravating lung infections, well indirect effect inducing priming immune system an exacerbated reaction infection. Future research needed confirm observations explore care might play pandemic.

Language: Английский

Citations

39
Telemedicine for the Clinical Management of Diabetes; Implications and Considerations After COVID-19 Experience DOI Creative Commons
Saula Vigili de Kreutzenberg

High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(4), P. 319 - 326

Published: May 17, 2022

Telemedicine is a clinical approach that was seldom used in the day-to-day practice, if not only certain settings, before COVID-19 pandemic. As stated by WHO, telemedicine is: delivery of health care services, where distance critical factor, all professionals using information and communication technologies (ICT) for exchange valid diagnosis, treatment prevention disease injuries, …. has actually represented most useful employed tool to maintain contacts between patients physicians during period physical imposed pandemic, especially lockdown. Diabetes particular, chronic often needs frequent confronting patient taken advantage telehealth approach. Nowadays, technological tools are more widely management diabetes. In this review results obtained telemendicine application type 1 2 diabetic individuals revised, future perspectives use manage diabetes discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

35
Management of patients with diabetes and obesity in the COVID-19 era: Experiences and learnings from South and East Europe, the Middle East, and Africa DOI Creative Commons
Francesco Giorgino, Sindeep Bhana, Leszek Czupryniak

et al.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 108617 - 108617

Published: Dec. 10, 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major effect on healthcare during 2020. Current evidence suggests that, while individuals with diabetes and obesity are no more prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection than those without, the risk of hospitalisation if someone or then contracts is three times higher – 4.5 they have obesity. We assembled panel experts from South East Europe, Middle East, Africa discuss challenges management post pandemic. experience learnings this cover heterogeneous patient population, wide range clinical settings, organisations, disease strategies, social factors. importance timely effective via telemedicine, providing reassurance guidance for patients unable unwilling visit settings at time. address use novel therapies their role in managing pandemic, as well controlling hypoglycaemia preventing cardiovascular complications, particularly vulnerable people. Finally, we consider post-COVID-19 obesity, how these experiences should impact upon future guidelines.

Language: Английский

Citations

50
COVID‐19, ketoacidosis and new‐onset diabetes: Are there possible cause and effect relationships among them? DOI Open Access
Sandro Gentile, Felice Strollo,

Andrea Mambro

et al.

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 22(12), P. 2507 - 2508

Published: Aug. 13, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

48
Infections and diabetes: Risks and mitigation with reference to India DOI Open Access
Ranjit Unnikrishnan, Anoop Misra

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1889 - 1894

Published: Sept. 22, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

45
Acute surgical abdomen during the COVID‑19 pandemic: Clinical and therapeutic challenges DOI Open Access
Dragoș Șerban, Bogdan Socea,

Cristinel Dumitru Badiu

et al.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(5)

Published: March 24, 2021

The present study investigated the effects of COVID‑19 pandemic on clinical presentation and therapeutic management acute surgical abdomen. A retrospective emergency hospitalizations with a diagnosis abdomen between April July 2020 vs. similar period in 2019 was performed. observation sheets operating protocols were analyzed. Between 2020, 50 cases hospitalized treated, compared to 43 same last year. main types pathology both groups included: Occlusions (60%, respectively 44.2% 2019) peritonitis (32%, 41.8% 2019). There an increased rate patients colorectal cancers neglected therapeutically or uninvestigated, who presented during emergencies for complications such as occlusion tumor perforation (32 6.97%, P=0.0039). One case, gastric perforation, COVID‑positive, no pulmonary symptoms at admission. number postoperative infectious lower (2 13.95%, P=0.0461). As appears be still far from ending, we should learn adapt our new evidence. Oncological are vulnerable group, first months pandemic. SARS‑Cov‑2 infection may cause abdominal pain taken into account different diagnoses wards. Correct wearing adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) respecting strict rules asepsis antisepsis required preventing in‑hospital transmission infection.

Language: Английский

Citations

35
Effectiveness of a nurse‐led smartphone‐based self‐management programme for people with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial DOI
Ying Jiang, Hadassah Joann Ramachandran, Jun Yi Claire Teo

et al.

Journal of Advanced Nursing, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 78(4), P. 1154 - 1165

Published: Feb. 15, 2022

Abstract Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse‐led smartphone‐based self‐management programme (NSSMP) on improving self‐efficacy, promoting diabetes self‐care, increasing health‐related quality life (HRQoL) and decreasing HbA1c, acute complications unplanned medical consultation for people with poorly controlled type 2 compared diabetic service (NDS). Design A two‐arm randomized trial repeated measures was conducted. Methods Participants were recruited from June 2018 to September 2020. Eligible participants assigned either intervention or control group randomly. received 6‐month NSSMP, while those in existing NDS provided by study hospital. Outcomes measured at baseline, 3 6 months baseline. Results total 114 recruited. There no significant interactions between time all outcomes except blood glucose testing activities (F = 4.742, p .015). Both groups had reduced HbA1c over months. The lower than follow‐ups, but differences not statistically significant. None follow‐up. Similarly, number follow‐up two insignificant. Conclusion NSSMP is as effective hospital most outcomes. can liberate valuable nurses provide care critically ill patients supports healthcare resource constraints current COVID‐19 pandemic. Impact labour intensive are required deliver education, telephone calls trace sugar monitoring therapeutic consultations necessary referrals. outbreak pandemic has added further strain overworked professionals. provides an alternative that just effective, reduce nurses' workload delegating them back individuals through strategies. This enables increase contact patients, take onus their disease increased facilitated technology. Clinical Trial registered under clinical registration NCT03088475.

Language: Английский

Citations

25
Factors associated with access to condoms and sources of condoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa DOI Creative Commons
Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa

Archives of Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 79(1)

Published: Oct. 27, 2021

Evidence has shown that the prescribed lockdown and physical distancing due to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have made accessing essential health care services much more difficult in low-and middle-income countries. Access contraception is an service should not be denied, even a global crisis, because of its associated benefits. Therefore, it important maintain timely access without unnecessary barriers. Hence, this study examines factors contributing limited condoms sources during COVID-19 pandemic South Africa.This used National Income Dynamics Study-Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (NIDS-CRAM) wave 1 survey dataset. The NIDS-CRAM nationally representative (NIDS) conducted via telephone interview year 2020. This first secondary dataset on by NIDS pandemic. A total 5304 respondents were included study. Data analysed using frequencies distribution percentages, chi-square test multivariable logistic regression analysis.Almost one-quarter (22.40%) Africans could condoms, every 7 10 preferred public source Those who from other population groups [AOR = 0.37; 95% CI 0.19-0.74] those third wealth quintile 0.60; 0.38-0.93] had lower odds having while aged 25-34 0.48; 0.27-0.83] with level education above 0.24; 0.08-0.71] less likely prefer condom.This concludes there was very skewed Africa. Strategic interventions such as community free avert obstruction condom or any future pandemics adopted.

Language: Английский

Citations

31
Risk factors for severe outcomes in people with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19: a cross-sectional database study DOI Creative Commons
Emilio Ortega, Rosa Corcoy, Mónica Gratacòs

et al.

BMJ Open, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. e051237 - e051237

Published: July 1, 2021

Aim This study’s objective was to assess the risk of severe in-hospital complications patients admitted for COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus (DM). Design a cross-sectional study. Settings We used pseudonymised medical record data provided by six general hospitals from HM Hospitales group in Spain. Outcome measures Multiple logistic regression analyses were identify variables associated with mortality composite or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) overall population, stratified presence absence DM. Spline analysis conducted on entire population investigate relationship between glucose levels at admission outcomes. Results Overall, 1621 individuals without DM 448 identified database. Patients average 5.1 years older than those without. The 18.6% (N=301), higher among (26.3% vs 11.3%; p<0.001). independently death, death IMV (OR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.7 3.1 OR=2.11, 1.6 2.8, respectively; In subjects DM, only both outcomes age >65 years, male sex pre-existing chronic kidney disease. observed non-linear blood IMV. highest probability each outcome (around 50%) random around 550 mg/dL (30.6 mmol/L), risks flattened above this value. Conclusion results confirm high burden hospitalised infection, particularly men, elderly impaired function. Moreover, hyperglycaemia strongly poor outcomes, suggesting that personalised optimisation could help improve during hospital stay.

Language: Английский

Citations

29