Interconnection of periodontal disease and comorbidities: Evidence, mechanisms, and implications

Periodontology 2000, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 89(1), P. 9 - 18

Published: March 4, 2022

Abstract Periodontitis, a microbiome‐driven inflammatory disease of the tooth‐attachment apparatus, is epidemiologically linked with other disorders, including cardio‐metabolic, cognitive neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, respiratory infections, certain cancers. These associations may, in part, be causal, as suggested by interventional studies showing that local treatment periodontitis reduces systemic inflammation surrogate markers comorbid diseases. The potential cause‐and‐effect connection between comorbidities corroborated preclinical models disease, which additionally provided mechanistic insights into these associations. This overview discusses recent advances our understanding periodontitis‐systemic connection, may potentially lead to innovative therapeutic options reduce risk periodontitis‐linked comorbidities.

Language: Английский

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Periodontitis and COVID-19: Biological Mechanisms and Meta-analyses of Epidemiological Evidence

Journal of Dental Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 101(12), P. 1430 - 1440

Published: June 30, 2022

Since the beginning of 2020, entire global health care system has been severely challenged by outbreak coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19). Robust evidence demonstrated a more severe course COVID-19 in presence several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Here, we critically appraise recent research discoveries linking periodontitis to acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection COVID-19, with special focus on associated biological mechanisms available epidemiological evidence. SARS-CoV-2 main receptors coreceptors (ACE2, TMPRSS2, furin, CD147) are overexpressed periodontal tissues patients, inflammation, pathogens, damage-induced pyroptosis triggering positive feedback loop. However, meta-analyses studies only indicated nonstatistically significant tendency for an increased risk subjects (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69; 95% CI, 0.91-3.13, P 0.09). Furthermore, may worsen clinical courses through multiple direct indirect pathways, including damage lower airways due aspiration exacerbation cytokine storm via low-grade chronic systemic dissemination ulcerated gingival epithelium consequent induced pulmonary vessels vasculopathy. Indeed, that likely experience COVID-19. Specifically, was 4-fold odds hospitalization (OR 4.72; 1.11-20.03, 0.04), 6-fold requiring assisted ventilation 6.24; 2.78-14.02, 0.00), than 7-fold death complications 7.51; 2.16-26.10, 0.00). The breakthrough analyzed here emphasizes relevance mouth-systemic connection target mitigate current emergency future predicted pandemics.

Language: Английский

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Periodontitis and coronavirus disease 2019

Periodontology 2000, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 89(1), P. 207 - 214

Published: March 4, 2022

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 is usually a mild condition; however, in some cases it can result sickness and even death. Thus, understanding the reasons behind these grave outcomes of great importance. Coronavirus periodontitis share intriguing characteristics. They both lead to systemic inflammation alterations coagulation pathways, confounding factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity. Accordingly, possible association between conditions has been hypothesized literature. objective this review was evaluate scientific evidence linking diseases underlying mechanisms. Evidence shown that presents oral manifestations affect periodontal tissues. Moreover, studies have severity presence periodontitis. Current suggests could be explained through direct role bacteria aggravating lung infections, well indirect effect inducing priming immune system an exacerbated reaction infection. Future research needed confirm observations explore care might play pandemic.

Language: Английский

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The role of viruses in oral mucosal lesions

Periodontology 2000, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(1), P. 189 - 202

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Abstract The mucosa of the oral cavity is exposed to a large number different microorganisms such as archaea, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Among those, viruses cause specific infections, which can easily be transmitted from one person another. infectious route may not only include patients their relatives but also dental professional team. Thus, wide knowledge regarding viral infections crucial for daily routine. Signs symptoms completely absent or develop into pronounced clinical picture, so that early detection information determine further course infection its influence on other inflammatory diseases, periodontitis, well safety family members social environment. As manifestation highly variable leading heterogenous mucosal lesions it is, in most cases, mandatory differentiate them by microbiological tests addition examination procedures. This article will give an overview role infecting mucosa, addition, describe management.

Language: Английский

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Periodontitis and COVID-19: Immunological Characteristics, Related Pathways, and Association

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 3012 - 3012

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Both periodontitis and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pose grave threats to public health social order, endanger human life, place a significant financial strain on the global healthcare system. Since COVID-19 pandemic, mounting research has revealed link between periodontitis. It is critical comprehend immunological mechanisms of two illnesses as well their interaction. Much evidence showed that there are many similar inflammatory pathways COVID-19, such NF-κB pathway, NLRP3/IL-1β IL-6 signaling pathway. Common risk factors gender, lifestyle, comorbidities contribute severity both diseases. Revealing internal relationship diseases conducive treatment in an emergency period. also maintain good oral hygiene positive attitude during treatment. This review covers four main areas: mechanisms, common factors, association diseases, possible interventions potential targets. These will provide ideas for drug development clinical

Language: Английский

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MHC class II of different non-professional antigen-presenting cells mediate multiple effects of crosstalk with CD4+T cells in lung diseases

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

The respiratory system is continuously exposed to the outside world, making it vulnerable airborne particles and harmful pathogens like bacteria viruses that can enter through breathing. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) have a vital function in innate immune response as they present antigens T initiate of adaptive cells. Professional APCs engulf foreign microorganisms display their peptides lymphocytes using MHC molecules. II on cell surface potentially antigen CD4+T Furthermore, various other types similar also serve by expressing II, thus impacting progression lung diseases, such alveolar epithelial (AECs), endothelial (ECs), fibroblasts, lymphoid (ILCs), eosinophils, interstitial cells, mast etc. express antigen. non-professional type extra signals provides direct impact programming downstream effector mechanisms. Here, we summarize existing research expression different diseases its influence differentiation disease outcomes, order further clarify role asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD),

Language: Английский

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Oral microbiota and respiratory diseases: advances and perspectives

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

SUMMARYThe oral microbiota, characterized by its complexity and density, is increasingly recognized for significant association with respiratory diseases their pathogenesis. Changes in the microbiome, including shifts relative abundance of certain harmful microbes, byproducts, virulence elements, have been linked to disease development progression. The use microbiome indicators treatments essential detection, prognosis, management illnesses, providing practical benefits. Hence, a thorough understanding correlation between microbiota illnesses imperative generating novel therapeutic approaches rooted address these ailments. This review summarizes how are connected diseases, explores mechanisms influence, discusses treatment approaches.

Language: Английский

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Association of periodontal therapy, with inflammatory biomarkers and complications in COVID-19 patients: a case control study

Clinical Oral Investigations, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(11), P. 6721 - 6732

Published: July 29, 2022

In previous studies, COVID-19 complications were reported to be associated with periodontitis. Accordingly, this study was designed test the hypothesis that a history of periodontal therapy could lower risk complications.A case-control performed using medical health records patients in State Qatar between March 2020 and February 2021 dental January 2017 December 2021. Cases defined as who suffered (death, ICU admissions and/or mechanical ventilation); controls recovered without major complications. Associations analysed logistic regression models adjusted for demographic factors. Blood parameters compared Kruskal-Wallis test.In total, 1,325 included. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) analysis revealed non-treated periodontitis significant need ventilation (AOR = 3.91, 95% CI 1.21-12.57, p 0.022) periodontally healthy patients, while treated not 1.28, 0.25-6.58, 0.768). analyses had significantly levels D-dimer Ferritin than patients.Among bone loss, only those have received higher assisted ventilation. recent therapy.The fact less likely suffer ones further strengthen linking suggests managing help reduce complications, although future research is needed verify this.

Language: Английский

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Oral and systemic health: is there a “new” link with COVID-19?

Clinical Oral Investigations, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(S1), P. 3 - 13

Published: April 20, 2023

Abstract Objectives The objective of the present narrative review was to evaluate evidence a possible association between periodontitis and COVID-19, its biological plausibility, using as models potential associations with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, some respiratory diseases. Methods A recent systematic used main reference explore different including following two focussed questions: PECOS question, aimed epidemiological evidence, PICOS designed derived from intervention studies. In addition that other relevant scientific documents, consensus papers, were carefully selected appraised. Findings Convincing found support plausibility behind those is based on four factors: (1) bacteraemia oral bacteria periodontal pathogens, (2) increased systemic inflammation, (3) common genetic factors, (4) environmental risk factors. Limited initial available an COVID-19 complications. Among proposed factors explain suggested association, combination previously mentioned plus additional related SARS-CoV-2 characteristics pathogenicity, has been suggested. Conclusions Initial suggests may be associated more severe higher death due COVID-19. Clinical relevance Due severity for efforts should made improve health, promotion healthy habits, such hygiene.

Language: Английский

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The impact of periodontal disease on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Oral Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Sept. 9, 2023

Abstract Background A possible relationship between periodontitis (PD) and COVID-19 its adverse outcomes has been suggested. Hence, the present systematic review meta-analysis aimed to investigate available evidence regarding potential association outcomes. Materials methods PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies published up April 15 th , 2023. Studies that evaluated PD included. Risk bias was by two reviewers, meta-analyses performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results total 22 involving 92,535 patients from USA, Europe, Asia, Middle East South America included; these, 12 pooled into meta-analysis. Most (19 studies) reported a significant COVID-19. The data found outcomes: more severe symptoms (OR = 6.95, P 0.0008), ICU admissions 3.15, 0.0001), mortality 1.92, 0.21). Additionally, compared mild PD, significantly associated with higher risks ( 0.02); admission 0.0001); rates 0.0001). results also revealed 58% risk infection in 0.00001). Conclusions findings suggest poor periodontal health However, owing observed methodological heterogeneity across included studies, further prospective cohort standardized methodologies are warranted unravel disease

Language: Английский

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