The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
838, P. 156494 - 156494
Published: June 3, 2022
Hydrothermal
carbonization
allows
material
valorization
and
energy
recovery
from
wet
biomass
waste.
In
this
study,
the
hydrothermal
treatment
of
dewatered
waste-activated
sludge
(DWAS)
was
evaluated
at
several
temperatures
(170–230
°C)
reaction
times
(5–60
min)
in
an
acid-free
medium
or
media
such
as
citric
acid
HCl
(0.1–0.5
mol/L).
Compared
with
DWAS,
increase
fixed
carbon
content
(>45
wt%)
heating
value
(18.9–22.9
MJ/kg)
observed
hydrochar;
however,
their
ash
remained
high,
which
is
main
drawback
hindering
direct
use
a
biofuel.
The
addition
acids
during
favored
solubilization
N
P
process
water,
required
strict
control
time
to
avoid
recrystallization
hydrochar.
Under
optimum
operating
conditions
(230
°C,
15
min,
0.5
mol/L
HCl),
94
%
(as
PO4)
almost
100
(14
NH4-N)
present
feedstock
were
concentrated
water.
Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
11(8), P. 2266 - 2266
Published: April 15, 2019
The
management
of
solid
waste
presents
a
challenge
for
developing
countries
as
the
generation
is
increasing
at
rapid
and
alarming
rate.
Much
awareness
towards
sustainability
technological
advances
has
been
implemented
to
reduce
unnecessary
waste.
recycling
this
being
applied
produce
valuable
organic
matter,
which
can
be
used
fertilizers
or
amendments
improve
soil
structure.
This
review
studies
sustainable
transformation
various
types
biomass
such
animal
manure,
sewage
sludge,
municipal
waste,
food
into
their
impact
on
minimization
agricultural
enhancement.
side
effects
these
are
evaluated
characteristics
will
differ
depending
used,
in
addition
varying
chemical
composition
fertilizers.
work
provide
an
insight
potential
produced
fertilizer
advantages
substituting
with
derived
from
Energies,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
13(16), P. 4098 - 4098
Published: Aug. 7, 2020
Hydrothermal
carbonization
(HTC)
represents
an
efficient
and
valuable
pre-treatment
technology
to
convert
waste
biomass
into
highly
dense
carbonaceous
materials
that
could
be
used
in
a
wide
range
of
applications
between
energy,
environment,
soil
improvement
nutrients
recovery
fields.
HTC
converts
residual
organic
solid
high
energy
material
(hydrochar)
liquid
residue
where
the
most
volatile
oxygenated
compounds
(mainly
furans
acids)
concentrate
during
reaction.
Pristine
hydrochar
is
mainly
for
direct
combustion,
generate
heat
or
electricity,
but
porous
media
storage
adsorption
pollutants
can
also
obtained
through
further
activation
stage.
process
enhance
as
nitrogen
phosphorous
particular
conditioner,
favor
plant
growth
mitigate
desertification
soils.
The
present
review
proposes
outlook
several
possible
produced
from
any
sort
sources.
For
each
proposed,
main
operative
parameters
mostly
affect
properties
characteristics
are
highlighted,
order
match
needs
specific
application.
Renewable Energy,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
171, P. 401 - 415
Published: Feb. 24, 2021
With
increasing
energy
and
resource
consumption
due
to
population
growth,
the
biorefinery
concept
is
becoming
popular.
This
aims
harness
all
properties
of
biomass
by
producing
recovering
useful
chemical
products.
Nutrients
such
as
nitrogen
phosphorus
play
a
key
role
in
world's
food
production
because
they
are
main
elements
used
fertilizer
production.
Hydrothermal
carbonization
(HTC)
has
been
presented
suitable
option
for
recovery
that
can
also
be
pre-treatment
enhanced
nutrient
recovery.
During
HTC
process,
part
solubilized
into
process
water
other
remains
within
hydrochar.
Hydrochars
mainly
soil
amendments
their
high
content
nitrogen,
but
this
still
contains
considerable
concentration
these
compounds
making
it
potential
source
Therefore,
may
boost
strategy
extraction
(process
water)
or
densification
(hydrochar)
from
if
coupled
with
another
process.
review
presents
an
overview
fate
during
perspective
recovery,
presenting
existing
technologies
future
trends.
