Global scientific progress and shortfalls in biological control of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda

Biological Control, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 191, P. 105460 - 105460

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Since 2016, the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda has spread over extensive areas of tropics and subtropics, imperiling food security, economic progress livelihoods millions cereal farmers. Although FAW received long-standing scientific attention in its home range Americas, chemical inputs feature prominently mitigation biological control uptake is globally lagging. Here, building upon a quantitative review global literature, we methodically dissect science. Of known entomopathogens (46), parasitoids (310) predators (215) FAW, approx. 40% have been subject to laboratory- or field-level scrutiny. Laboratory-level performance partially assessed for 14–18% above invertebrate taxa. Yet, organismal, geographic, methodological thematic biases hamper efforts relate in-field animal biodiversity services. Often, single-guild 'snapshot' surveys are preferred comprehensive bio-inventories population dynamics appraisals, trophic interactions remain undocumented, standard pest infestation metrics lacking natural enemy censuses performed arbitrarily. Diurnal biota receive inordinate attention, while egg pupal predation - main biotic sources mortality routinely overlooked. Multiple microbial investigated with view towards mass-rearing augmentative release. Meanwhile, conservation receives marginal cross-disciplinary engagement agroecology domain We lay out several steps, including standardized methodologies, smart use biodemographic toolkits, networked field trials fortification ecological underpinnings, sharpen science urge further momentum implementation.

Language: Английский

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Chemical Control and Insecticide Resistance inSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 115(6), P. 1761 - 1771

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Abstract Insecticides and genetically modified Bt crops are the main tools for control of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Since its invasion Africa, Far East, Australia where largely absent, insecticide use has increased reduced susceptibility to several insecticides used decades in native distribution area have been reported. Poor efficacy at field-level is sometimes incorrectly ascribed pest resistance, while numerous other factors influence field-level. In this paper, we review history resistance S. discuss that life traits, migration ecology, chemical practices may on evolution. The indirect role poor national policies pesticide practices, indirectly selection pressure discussed. Evidence shows local drives Integrated management, rather than reliance a single tactic, best way suppress numbers over-use which selects resistance.

Language: Английский

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Host plant resistance for fall armyworm management in maize: relevance, status and prospects in Africa and Asia

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 135(11), P. 3897 - 3916

Published: March 23, 2022

Abstract Key message Sustainable control of fall armyworm (FAW) requires implementation effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, with host plant resistance as a key component. Significant opportunities exist for developing and deploying elite maize cultivars native genetic and/or transgenic FAW in both Africa Asia. The [ Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith); FAW] has emerged serious since 2016 Africa, 2018 Asia, affecting the food security livelihoods millions smallholder farmers, especially those growing maize. which is one components. strides have been made breeding lines hybrids to based on strong foundation insect-resistant tropical germplasm developed at International Maize Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico. These efforts are further intensified develop deploy tolerance/resistance farmer-preferred traits suitable diverse agro-ecologies Independently, genetically modified Bt already commercialized South few countries Asia (Philippines Vietnam), while being commercialize events additional In where commercialized, it important implement robust insect strategy. Combinations also need be explored path more sustainable options. We highlight critical gaps priorities research development maize, particularly context

Language: Английский

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Using mass media campaigns to change pesticide use behaviour among smallholder farmers in East Africa

Journal of Rural Studies, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 79 - 91

Published: March 8, 2023

Pesticides are an important and widely used tool for crop protection, but they also pose significant risks to agricultural sustainability, human health the environment. In this paper, we examine whether mass media campaigns can help improve pesticide knowledge change use behaviour among smallholder farmers in Rwanda Uganda. We assess individual combined effects of campaign channels, which include interactive radio, plant rallies, mobile SMS video screenings. Applying a doubly robust method survey data from 1327 maize-producing households across two countries, find that significantly associated with improved farmer safety precautions. While appear not have discouraged synthetic pesticides, increased adoption safer alternatives including sustainable integrated pest management practices. The correlated protective equipment against exposure both countries reduced incidence pesticide-related illnesses Rwanda. conclude (particularly using multiple complementary channels) be effective enhancing farmers' about measures, promote strategies.

Language: Английский

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Government and farmer responses to the fall armyworm outbreak in mainland Southeast Asia

Frontiers in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Introduction Native to the Americas and highly polyphagous, fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has garnered attention for causing significant damage, primarily maize. Methods This study synthesizes FAW emergence, government responses, farmer reactions in mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA), assesses feasibility of government-recommended measures terms efficacy cost-efficiency. Results From late 2018 rainy season 2019, infestations extensively emerged MSEA maize fields. governments promptly issued strategies guidelines through plant protection divisions/departments, which involved international organizations, foreign governments, private web portals. Alongside foliar application emamectin benzoate (EMB), is most frequently mentioned method, advocated integrated pest management (IPM)-oriented approaches. These include methods chemical insecticides, use host resistance, biological control, cultural interference methods, local aimed at reducing usage. Despite comprehensive recommendations, farmers rely on EMB treatment control. Discussion We highlight need further research dissemination regarding widely accepted specifically relation human safety, improvements technology, clear large-scale outbreaks. On other hand, concentrative insecticides raises concerns about resistance evolution. Alternatives with mainly EMB, such as seed diamides neonicotinoids, genetically modified seeds approved only Vietnam, have demonstrated efficacy. Seed provides cost labor benefits early-stage infestation prevention. Validation natural enemy rearing costs may prove advantageous preliminary estimates suggest they could be relatively low. Not all recommended by or discussed are necessarily relevant farm-level. following suggestions proposal more acceptable strategies. 1) Studying actual responses special emphasis efficiency; 2) Making alternatives cost-effective inclusive labor; finally, 3) Verifying effectiveness alternative techniques.

Language: Английский

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Socioeconomic and health impacts of fall armyworm in Ethiopia

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. e0257736 - e0257736

Published: Nov. 4, 2021

Since 2016, fall armyworm (FAW) has threatened sub-Saharan ‘Africa’s fragile food systems and economic performance. Yet, there is limited evidence on this transboundary pest’s security impacts in the region. Additionally, health environmental consequences of insecticides being used to control FAW have not been studied. This paper presents maize production, security, human health. We use a combination an agroecology-based community survey nationally representative data from agricultural household achieve our objectives. The results indicate that pest causes average annual loss 36% reducing 0.67 million tonnes (0.225 per year) between 2017 2019. total US$ 200 million, or 0.08% gross domestic product. lost production could met capita consumption 4 people. also find more significant toxic effects environment than humans. highlights governments development partners need invest sustainable strategies reduce loss, improve protect

Language: Английский

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Comparison of Gut Bacterial Communities of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Reared on Different Host Plants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(20), P. 11266 - 11266

Published: Oct. 19, 2021

Spodoptera frugiperda is a highly polyphagous and invasive agricultural pest that can harm more than 300 plants cause huge economic losses to crops. Symbiotic bacteria play an important role in the host biology ecology of herbivores, have wide range effects on growth adaptation. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was used investigate different hosts (corn, wild oat, oilseed rape, pepper, artificial diet) gut microbial community structure diversity. Corn one most favored S. frugiperda. We compared microbiota corn with without seed coating agent. The results showed Firmicutes Bacteroidetes dominated community. abundance rape highest, diversity oat lowest, agent significantly higher such PCoA analysis there were significant differences among hosts. PICRUSt functional prediction categories related metabolic cellular processes. affected not only by species, but also treatments, which played It deepen our understanding symbiotic relationships between organisms microorganisms. study adaptability insects contributes development effective environmentally friendly management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Bt maize can provide non‐chemical pest control and enhance food safety in China

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 391 - 404

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Summary China is the world's second‐largest maize producer and consumer. In recent years, invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) has adversely affected productivity compromised food security. To mitigate pest‐inflicted shortages, China's Government issued biosafety certificates for two genetically modified (GM) Bt hybrids, Bt‐ Cry1Ab DBN9936 Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj Ruifeng 125, in 2019. Here, we quantitatively assess impact of both hybrids on pest feeding damage, crop yield safety throughout belt. Without a need to resort synthetic insecticides, could lepidopteran pressure by 61.9–97.3%, avoid loss 16.4–21.3% (range −11.9–99.2%) lower mycotoxin contamination 85.5–95.5% as compared prevailing non‐Bt hybrids. Yield avoidance varied considerably between experimental sites mediated on‐site infestation identity. For either seed mixtures or block refuge arrangements, was kept below established thresholds at 90% coverage Yunnan (where S. dominant species) 70% other dominated Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée). Drawing experiences from crop/pest systems, se can provide area‐wide management thus, contribute progressive phase‐down chemical pesticide use. Hence, when consciously paired with agroecological biodiversity‐based measures, GM insecticidal crops ensure nutrition security, sustainable intensification agriculture reduce systems' environmental footprint.

Language: Английский

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Sustainable management of transboundary pests requires holistic and inclusive solutions

Food Security, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1449 - 1457

Published: June 22, 2022

Abstract Globalization and changing climates are aggravating the occurrence impacts of transboundary pests, driving emergence new threats. Most low- middle-income countries in Africa, Asia Latin America not fully prepared terms surveillance, diagnostics, deployment plant health solutions due to several factors: adequate investment is lacking; knowledge inadequate; connections from local global, global insufficient. Effectively countering current emerging threats requires a holistic approach that includes: 1) globally coordinated diagnostic surveillance systems; 2) epidemiological modelling, risk assessment, forecasting preparedness for proactive management containment; 3) implementation context-sensitive, eco-friendly, gender-responsive socially inclusive integrated disease pest approaches reduce devastating pests diseases. Despite success stories where major diseases have been brought control through approaches, further multi-institutional multi-disciplinary efforts necessary. Plant stronger interface between biophysical social sciences, empowerment communities. These reflections derive proceedings webinar on “Transboundary Disease Pest Management,” organized by CGIAR (Consultative Group International Agricultural Research) March 3, 2021, recognition United Nations designated Year Health.

Language: Английский

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Insecticide Susceptibility and Mechanism of Spodoptera frugiperda on Different Host Plants

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 70(36), P. 11367 - 11376

Published: Sept. 2, 2022

Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is a worldwide economically important crop pest. Although the individuals of S. that invaded China have been characterized as corn strain, they also ability to damage other crops in China. The physiological and behavioral responses different host plants are poorly understood. In present study, we investigated plant preference, fitness costs, differences detoxification gene expression microbiome composition between two strains fed on diets. results showed larvae exhibited no obvious preference for or rice, but significant suppression development was observed rice-fed strain. addition, corn-fed strain higher insecticide tolerance enzyme activities than Moreover, multiple genes were upregulated variation strains. Together, suggest population-specific plasticity related diets frugiperda. These provide theoretical basis evolution resistance helpful designing management strategies aimed at crops.

Language: Английский

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