Lithium-ion battery recycling: a source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the environment?

Environmental Science Processes & Impacts, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 1015 - 1030

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a rapidly growing industry, which vital to address the increasing demand for metals, and achieve sustainable circular economy. Relatively little information known about environmental risks posed by LIB recycling, in particular with regards emission persistent (in)organic fluorinated chemicals. Here we present an overview on use substances - per- polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) state-of-the-art LIBs, along recycling conditions may lead their formation and/or release environment. Both organic inorganic are widely reported components, including electrodes binder, electrolyte (and additives), separator. Among most common LiPF6 (an salt), polymeric PFAS polyvinylidene fluoride (used as electrode binder separator). Currently process involves pyrometallurgy, operates at high temperatures (up 1600 °C), sufficient mineralization. However, hydrometallurgy, increasingly popular alternative approach, under milder (<600 could favor incomplete degradation substances. This supported wide range detected bench-scale experiments. Overall, this review highlights need further investigate emissions during suggests that substitution PFAS-based materials (i.e. manufacturing), or alternatively post-treatments changes be required avoid

Language: Английский

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Overview of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS), Their Applications, Sources, and Potential Impacts on Human Health

Pollutants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 136 - 152

Published: March 6, 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) belong to a group of synthetic compounds that have recently raised concerns about human health environmental quality due their great prevalence, degradation resistance, potential toxicity. This review focuses on the applications PFAS effects health. Specific emphasis has been laid (i) application/use PFAS, (ii) sources distribution in diverse compartments, (iii) impact Significant humans are associated with exposure i.e., immunotoxicity, thyroid kidney disorders, cancer, etc. Conclusions obtained from studies demonstrate inadequate evidence should not be used justify delaying risk reduction steps for alternatives. can determined different matrices using both traditional analytical approaches, liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) semi-quantitative passive sampling, advanced methods colorimetric, spectrofluorimetric, electrochemical detection. Traditional costly broadly available, while emerging, cost-effective less sensitive unable meet regulatory limits. There is still significant number performed fully comprehend real contamination by PFAS.

Language: Английский

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Characterization of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Chinese river and lake sediments

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 489, P. 137680 - 137680

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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PFAS in municipal solid waste landfills: Sources, leachate composition, chemical transformations, and future challenges

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31, P. 100418 - 100418

Published: Nov. 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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The decomposition and emission factors of a wide range of PFAS in diverse, contaminated organic waste fractions undergoing dry pyrolysis

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 454, P. 131447 - 131447

Published: April 18, 2023

Current treatment options for organic waste contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are generally limited to incineration, composting or landfilling, all resulting in emissions. Dry pyrolysis is a promising emerging alternative these practices, but there uncertainty related the fate of PFAS during this process. The present work first developed robust method determination complex matrices, such as sewage sludge biochar. Then, mass balance was established 56 different full-scale (2–10 kg biochar hr-1, 500–800 °C) sludges, food reject, garden timber. were found wastes (56–3651 ng g-1), resulted ≥ 96.9% removal. Residual (0.1–3.4 g-1) detected biochars obtained at temperatures up 750 °C dominated by long chain PFAS. Emitted loads ranged from 0.01 3.1 mg tonne-1 produced short Emissions made < 3% total PFAS-mass wastes. Remaining uncertainties mainly presence thermal degradation products flue gas condensation oils.

Language: Английский

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Firefighters’ exposure to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as an occupational hazard: A review

Frontiers in Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 23, 2023

The term “firefighter” and “cancer” have become so intertwined in the past decade that they are now nearly inseparable. Occupational exposure of firefighters to carcinogenic chemicals may increase their risk developing different types cancer. PFAS one major classes exposed as occupational hazard. Elevated levels been observed firefighters’ blood serum recent studies. Possible sources include turnout gear, aqueous film-forming foam, air dust at both fire scene station. Preliminary discussion on includes definition, classification, chemical structure. review is then followed by identifying encounter an structural properties used identified sources, degradation, pathways reviewed. elevated level how this might associate with increased cancer discussed. Our shows a significant amount gear migration untreated layers, itself be potential source exposure. from foams (AFFF), air, stations already established sources. Studies suggest higher compared general population. This suggests hazard could for firefighters.

Language: Английский

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Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in Pennsylvania surface waters: A statewide assessment, associated sources, and land-use relations

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 888, P. 164161 - 164161

Published: May 15, 2023

The objectives of this study are to identify per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Pennsylvania surface waters, corresponding associations with potential sources PFAS contamination (PSOC) other parameters, compare raw water concentrations human ecological benchmarks. Surface samples from 161 streams were collected September 2019 analyzed for 33 target chemistry. Land use physical attributes upstream catchments geospatial counts PSOC local summarized. hydrologic yield the sum (∑PFAS) each stream was computed by normalizing site's load drainage area catchment. Utilizing conditional inference tree analysis, percentage development (>7.58 %) identified as a primary driver ∑PFAS yields. When removed yields closely related chemistry associated landscape alteration (e.g., or agricultural cropland), such total nitrogen, chloride, ammonia, but also count pollution control facilities (agricultural, industrial, stormwater, and/or municipal waste abatement facilities). In oil gas regions, combined sewage outfalls. Sites surrounded ≥2 electronic manufacturing had elevated (median = 241 ng/s/km2). Study results critical guide future research, regulatory policy, best practices that will mitigate contamination, communication health risks exposure waters.

Language: Английский

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A critical review of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) landfill disposal in the United States

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 905, P. 167185 - 167185

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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The association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and brain, esophageal, melanomatous skin, prostate, and lung cancer using the 2003–2018 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. e24337 - e24337

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to use the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets examine potential relationships between four per- polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposures each type cancer, specifically perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS), perfluorohexane (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic (PFNA).MethodsA logistic regression analysis performed. A directed acyclic graph plotted adjust for confounders.ResultsThe odds ratio (OR) brain cancer a one-unit increase in ln (PFHxS) 8.16 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.98–68.89). The OR esophageal one unit (PFOA) (PFOS) 5.10 CI 1.18–17.34) 3.97 1.24–11.42), respectively. melanoma 1.65 1.07–2.58) 1.55 1.07–2.25), prostate (PFNA) 1.21 1.00–1.48) 1.27 1.00–1.62), lung 2.62 1.24–5.83) 2.38 1.00–5.52), respectively.DiscussionConsidering that brain, esophageal, melanomatous skin cancers have not been targets epidemiologic studies regarding PFAS exposure, future could target these as outcomes interest.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the fusion of greening and digitalization for sustainability

Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 442, P. 141085 - 141085

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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