Phytotherapy Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Obesity,
along
with
its
associated
health
risks
such
as
hypertension,
hyperlipidemia,
Type
2
diabetes,
stroke,
metabolic
syndrome,
asthma,
and
cancer,
constitutes
a
significant
global
burden,
contributing
substantially
to
morbidity
mortality.
Cytokines,
group
of
secreted
signaling
proteins,
are
crucial
in
initiating,
maintaining,
resolving
immune
responses.
Although
cytokines
have
unique
advantages
regulating
functions,
their
therapeutic
application
for
obesity
remains
limited
clinical
practice.
Natural
compounds,
known
structural
diversity
low
toxicity,
become
valuable
resource
drug
development.
Many
natural
compounds
shown
anti‐obesity
effects.
This
review
comprehensively
examines
the
mechanisms
underlying
obesity,
specific
focus
on
roles
cytokines,
inflammatory
adipokines,
growth
factors.
Additionally,
it
highlights
regulatory
interactions
between
gut
microbiota
obesity.
The
critically
analyzes
current
pharmacological
interventions
summarizes
advanced
methodologies
identifying
potential
compounds.
Finally,
identifies
promising
that
modulate
cytokine
activity
prevent
or
treat
assesses
complementary
alternative
therapies.
Journal of Ginseng Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
47(5), P. 605 - 614
Published: May 4, 2023
Ginsenosides
are
bioactive
components
of
Panax
ginseng
with
many
functions
such
as
anti-aging,
anti-oxidation,
anti-inflammatory,
anti-fatigue,
and
anti-tumor.
categorized
into
dammarane,
oleanene,
ocotillol
type
tricyclic
triterpenoids
based
on
the
aglycon
structure.
Based
sugar
moiety
linked
to
C-3,
C-20,
C-6,
dammarane
was
divided
protopanaxadiol
(PPD)
protopanaxatriol
(PPT).
The
effects
ginsenosides
skin
disorders
noteworthy.
They
play
anti-aging
roles
by
enhancing
immune
function,
resisting
melanin
formation,
inhibiting
oxidation,
elevating
concentration
collagen
hyaluronic
acid.
Thus,
have
previously
been
widely
used
resist
diseases
aging.
This
review
details
role
in
anti-skin
aging
process
from
mechanisms
experimental
research.
Phytotherapy Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(3), P. 1651 - 1680
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
Abstract
Drug
development
for
atherosclerosis,
the
underlying
pathological
state
of
ischemic
cardiovascular
diseases,
has
posed
a
longstanding
challenge.
Saponins,
classified
as
steroid
or
triterpenoid
glycosides,
have
shown
promising
therapeutic
potential
in
treatment
atherosclerosis.
Through
an
exhaustive
examination
scientific
literature
spanning
from
May
2013
to
2023,
we
identified
82
references
evaluating
37
types
saponins
terms
their
prospective
impacts
on
These
studies
suggest
that
ameliorate
atherosclerosis
by
regulating
lipid
metabolism,
inhibiting
inflammation,
suppressing
apoptosis,
reducing
oxidative
stress,
and
modulating
smooth
muscle
cell
proliferation
migration,
well
gut
microbiota,
autophagy,
endothelial
senescence,
angiogenesis.
Notably,
ginsenosides
exhibit
significant
manifest
essential
pharmacological
attributes,
including
lipid‐lowering,
anti‐inflammatory,
anti‐apoptotic,
anti‐oxidative
stress
effects.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
attributes
with
particular
emphasis
role
regulation
metabolism
anti‐inflammatory
Thus,
may
warrant
further
investigation
therapy
However,
due
various
reasons
such
low
oral
bioavailability,
clinical
application
still
needs
exploration.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(3), P. 310 - 310
Published: March 1, 2024
Alzheimer’s
disease
is
a
neurodegeneration
with
protein
deposits,
altered
proteolysis,
and
inflammatory
oxidative
processes
as
major
hallmarks.
Despite
the
continuous
search
for
potential
therapeutic
treatments,
no
cure
available
to
date.
The
use
of
natural
molecules
adjuvants
in
treatment
very
promising
strategy.
In
this
regard,
ginsenosides
from
ginseng
root
show
variety
biological
effects.
Here,
we
dissected
role
Rg1
Rg2
modulating
autophagy
stress
neuroblastoma
cells
overexpressing
Aβ(1-42).
Key
hallmarks
these
cellular
were
detected
through
immunomethods
fluorometric
assays.
Our
findings
indicate
that
are
able
upregulate
neuronal
demonstrated
by
increased
levels
LC3II
Beclin-1
proteins
decreased
amounts
p62.
Simultaneously,
an
activation
lysosomal
hydrolases
was
observed.
Furthermore,
promoted
clearance
also
reduced
sources
macromolecule
oxidation,
promoting
NRF2
nuclear
translocation
expression
antioxidant
enzymes.
data
further
clarify
mechanisms
action
Rg2,
indicating
new
insights
into
their
management
disorders
like
disease.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(26), P. 33235 - 33245
Published: June 17, 2024
Enhancing
the
stability
of
multienzyme
cascade
reactions
in
metal-organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
is
a
challenging
task
fields
biotechnology
and
chemistry.
However,
addressing
this
challenge
could
yield
far-reaching
benefits
across
application
range
biomedical,
food,
environmental
sectors.
In
study,
partitioning
immobilization
that
sequentially
immobilizes
enzymes
with
hierarchical
MOFs
proposed
to
reduce
substrate
diffusion
resistance.
Conversion
results
ginsenosides
indicate
strategy
improves
efficiency
up
1.26
times.
The
model
used
investigate
dual-interenzyme
mass
transfer
behavior
substrates
restricted
domain
space
evaluate
channeling
effect
under
immobilization.
Molecular
docking
kinetic
simulations
reveal
effectively
limit
conformational
changes
at
high
temperatures
organic
solvents
while
maintaining
large
pocket
active
centers.
This
phenomenon
increased
efficient
enzyme
molecules,
further
optimizing
efficiency.
GOX
horseradish
peroxidase
as
partitioned
MOF
be
for
universal
adaptation
enzymes.
Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
2024(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Ginseng
has
a
long
history
of
drug
application
in
China,
which
can
treat
various
diseases
and
achieve
significant
efficacy.
Ginsenosides
have
always
been
deemed
important
ingredients
for
pharmacological
activities.
Based
on
the
structural
characteristics
steroidal
saponins,
ginsenosides
are
mainly
divided
into
protopanaxadiol‐type
saponins
(PDS,
including
Rb1,
Rb2,
Rd,
Rc,
Rh2,
CK,
PPD)
protopanaxatriol‐type
(PTS,
Re,
R1,
Rg1,
Rh1,
Rf,
PPT).
The
structure
differences
between
PDS
PTS
result
This
paper
provides
an
overview
PTS,
focusing
their
chemical
profile,
pharmacokinetics,
hydrolytic
metabolism,
activities
antioxidant,
antifatigue,
antiaging,
immunodulation,
antitumor,
cardiovascular
protection,
neuroprotection,
antidiabetes.
It
is
intended
to
contribute
in‐depth
study
relationship
PTS.
Current Research in Food Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
6, P. 100491 - 100491
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Ginsenoside
Rd
is
a
protopanaxadiol
abundant
in
Panax
ginseng
and
notoginseng.
It
has
been
reported
that
ginsenoside
possesses
various
health
benefits,
such
as
anti-diabetic,
anti-tumor
anti-inflammatory.
This
work
explored
the
effects
of
on
hyperglycemia
gut
microbiota
streptozotocin-induced
diabetic
rats.
Results
showed
5-week
(20
mg/kg)
treatment
significantly
improved
Besides,
promoted
glycogen
synthesis
via
activating
Akt
pathway.
also
inhibited
hepatic
gluconeogenesis,
which
was
associated
with
inhibiting
phosphoenolpyruvate
carboxykinase
glucose-6-phosphatase.
We
further
found
increased
diversity
microbiota,
abundance
beneficial
bacteria,
SMB53,
rc4-4
Ruminococcus,
reduced
conditional
pathogenic
bacteria.
These
results
indicated
potential
for
intervention.
