Research Progress on Effects of Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 on Nervous System and Related Mechanisms

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(23), P. 7935 - 7935

Published: Dec. 4, 2023

Neurological-related disorders are diseases that affect the body’s neurons or peripheral nerve tissue, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s (AD). The development of neurological can cause serious harm to quality life functioning patient. use traditional therapeutic agents dopamine-promoting drugs, anticholinergic cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists is often accompanied by a series side effects drug resistance, cardiac arrhythmia, liver function abnormalities, blurred vision. Therefore, there an urgent need find with high safety profile few effects. Herbal medicines rich in active ingredients natural macromolecules. Ginsenoside main ingredient ginseng, which has variety pharmacological considered have potential value treatment human diseases. Modern studies shown ginsenosides Rg2 Rh1 strong activities nervous system, protective on cells, improved resistance neuronal injury, modulation neural activity, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion improvement brain damage after eclampsia hemorrhage, memory cognitive deficits, AD vascular dementia, alleviation anxiety, pain, inhibition ionic-like behavior. In this article, we searched research literature field diseases, summarized latest progress two ginsenosides, reviewed mechanisms Rh1, provided new way thinking for ginseng anti-neurological drugs.

Language: Английский

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Ginsenoside Rg1: A bioactive therapeutic agent for diverse liver diseases

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107571 - 107571

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Diverse liver diseases are characterised by late diagnosis and rapid progression have become one of the major threats to human health. To delay transition from benign tissue lesions a substantial organ injury, scientists gradually applied natural compounds derived plants as complementary therapy in field hepatology. Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is tonic traditional Chinese herbal medicine, products, including ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1), which kind 20(S)-protopanaxatriol saponin with relatively high biological activity, can be isolated roots or stems ginseng. Given these information, this review aimed summarise discuss metabolic mechanisms G-Rg1 regulation diverse measures improve its bioavailability. As monomer medicine multitarget pharmacological effects, provide significant therapeutic benefits alleviation alcoholic disease, nonalcoholic fatty fibrosis, viral hepatitis, etc., mainly rely on inhibition apoptosis, strengthening endogenous anti-inflammatory antioxidant mechanisms, activation immune responses efflux transport signals, pathological changes caused lipid deposition, inflammation, oxidative stress, accumulation hepatotoxic product, etc. However, poor bioavailability must overcome clinical application value. In summary, focusing hepatoprotective will new insights into development resources their pharmaceutical products target treatment diseases.

Language: Английский

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Anti-Colorectal Cancer Activity of Panax and Its Active Components, Ginsenosides: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2593 - 2593

Published: March 13, 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant health burden worldwide and necessitates novel treatment approaches with fewer side effects than conventional chemotherapy. Many natural compounds have been tested as possible treatments. Plants in the genus Panax widely studied due to their therapeutic potential for various diseases such inflammatory disorders cancers. Extracts from plants of activate upstream signals, including those related autophagy generation reactive oxygen species, induce intrinsic apoptosis CRC cells. The root extract notoginseng (P. notoginseng) regulated gut microbiota enhance T-cell-induced immune response against CRC. Protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides, especially Rh2, Rg3, Rb1, Rb2, significantly reduced proliferation cells tumor size xenograft mouse model, well targeting programmed death (PD)-1 block checkpoint Moreover, modified nanocarriers ginsenosides upregulated drug efficacy, showing that can also be utilized carriers. An increasing body studies has demonstrated curing Ginsenosides are promising active Panax, which support activity therapies.

Language: Английский

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Regulatory roles of noncanonical inflammasomes in kidney diseases

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 157, P. 114787 - 114787

Published: May 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Bacterial community response in ginseng rhizosphere soil after Pseudomonas P1 inoculation integrating intracellular non-targeted metabolomics analysis

Environmental Technology & Innovation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35, P. 103633 - 103633

Published: April 16, 2024

To overcome the problems associated with insufficient available phosphorus in ginseng-growing soil, non-targeted metabolomics and high-throughput sequencing were adopted this study to reveal intracellular metabolites of Pseudomonas P1 their effects on soil bacterial community structure after inoculation. The results showed that although colony number was 4.68×107 cfu/mL 32 h cultivation, stabilized at 24 h. Furthermore, 351 differential (162 189 positive negative ion models, respectively) screened from eight cultivation groups. Venn diagrams revealed more common model (45 metabolites) than (17 metabolites). Organic acids derivatives, 23.53% 15.56% positive- negative-ion respectively, may be dominant involved phosphate dissolution. Although inoculation had little effect diversity, significant changes phyla composition identified between P10 CK. Specifically, relative abundance Pseudomonadales higher CK (P < 0.05). Canonical discriminant analyses correlation analysis shifts closely related physicochemical factors, such as phosphate, total potassium, NH4+-N, NO3--N, pH. Our suggest contain several organic acids, which reduce pH inoculation, affect supply change microbial direction cluster evolution.

Language: Английский

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Ginsenoside Rb1 improves human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with liver organoids-on-a-chip

Engineered Regeneration, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 283 - 294

Published: June 21, 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a type of for which no treatment is currently approved, remains major concern worldwide. It manifested as simple hepatocyte steatosis and can develop into inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis cancer in severe cases. However, due to the lack appropriate vitro drug testing platforms, an in-depth understanding therapeutic activity ginsenoside Rb1 NAFLD challenging. Here, we proposed model on organoids (LOs)-on-a-chip platform evaluate effect dynamic, multi-condition high-throughput manner. This allowed us reshape certain features such multicellular types liver-specific functions physiology human-relative liver. Free acids (FFAs)-induced LOs displayed typical pathological characteristics progression, including steatosis, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, inflammation fibrosis. With intervention, these be significantly improved, may provide new insights potential mechanisms progression suggest clinical implications humans. The system enables formation, differentiation, function serve scalable, sensitive model, potentially expedite discovery.

Language: Английский

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Deep-eutectic solvent extraction of ginsenosides and ginseng polysaccharides from ginseng residue and utilization of post-extraction residue

Process Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Effect of Phosphate-Deficiency Stress on the Biological Characteristics and Transcriptomics of Panax ginseng

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 506 - 506

Published: May 14, 2024

The low availability of phosphorus has become a common problem worldwide. Phosphorus is essential for phenotypic morphology and ginsenoside synthesis. However, the effects Pi stress on ginseng phenotype synthesis remain unclear. Phenotypic analyses transcriptomics revealed construction regulation differential genes involved in physiological metabolism under low-Pi stress. Root length stem were found to be significantly inhibited by phosphate-deficiency half-phosphate (HP) no-phosphate (NP) treatment groups; however, number fibrous roots, which are regulated phytohormones, was increase. In leaves, indexes stress, superoxide anion (221.19 nmol/g) malonaldehyde (MDA) (0.05 μmol/min/g), reached maximum level. Moreover, chlorophyll fluorescence images content further confirmed inhibition photosynthesis A total 579 210 differentially expressed (DEGs) shared between NP phosphate (TP) HP TP, respectively, only 64 DEGs based two comparisons. These mainly related transporters (PHTs), ginsenosides. According KEGG analyses, four (Pg_s 0368.2, Pg_s3418.1, Pg_s5392.5 Pg_s3342.1) affected acetyl-CoA production regulating glycometabolism tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). addition, genes, including those encoding 13 PHTs, 15 20 synthetases, screened roots Pi-deficiency results indicate that changes transcriptional environment ginseng, thereby providing new information regarding development tolerance.

Language: Английский

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The Regulatory Roles of Inflammation and Inflammasomes in Liver Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(18), P. 9864 - 9864

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Inflammation is an innate immune response that protects our body from various pathogens and cellular dangers [...]

Language: Английский

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A combined association of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase and bilirubin with sleep duration in aged 16–85 years (2005–2010)

Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(49), P. e40915 - e40915

Published: Dec. 6, 2024

Sleep is a vital restorative process that plays pivotal role in maintaining the delicate equilibrium of mental and physical well-being. Both short long sleep duration are associated with range adverse health outcomes. Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated robust association between liver disease. In this study, we conducted statistical tests performed subgroup analyses to explore potential variations across different contexts, aiming elucidate correlation ALT, AST, TB duration. This cross-sectional investigation utilized datasets from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 2010. Multivariate linear regression models were used examine Test for interaction commonly using multivariabte assess statistically significant disparities. Fitted smoothied curves threshold effect employed depict nonlinear relationships. The study enrolled 17,491 participants aged 16 85 years who met inclusion exclusion criteria, mean age was 45.58 ± 19.94 years. analysis showed positive ALT [−0.23 (−0.45, −0.00) 0.0455] AST[−0.20 (−0.38, −0.01) 0.0338] Model 3. Using two-segment model, found an U-shaped relationship inflection point AST present unveiled inverse levels while no observed levels. Furthermore, optimal function recovery identified diverse populations, thereby offering valuable healthcare recommendations public.

Language: Английский

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