Tire-rubber related pollutant 6-PPD quinone: A review of its transformation, environmental distribution, bioavailability, and toxicity

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 459, P. 132265 - 132265

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

Language: Английский

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Environmental Occurrence and Toxicity of 6PPD Quinone, an Emerging Tire Rubber-Derived Chemical: A Review

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 815 - 823

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is a chemical added to tires prevent their oxidative degradation. 6PPD highly reactive with ozone and oxygen, leading the formation of transformation products such as quinone (6PPDQ) on tire surfaces and, subsequently, in road wear particles. 6PPDQ toxicant that has been found roadway runoff receiving water systems. Its presence municipal stormwater led acute mortality coho salmon during migration urban creeks reproduce, generating global interest studying its occurrence toxicity environment. This review aims provide critical overview current state knowledge 6PPDQ, assisting researchers policymakers understanding potential impacts this emerging environment human health. As there are many unanswered questions surrounding further research needed. highlights importance including regulations for 6PPD, well all synthetic chemicals concern.

Language: Английский

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First Evidence of the Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Tire Additives and Their Transformation Products in an Estuarine Food Web

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(14), P. 6370 - 6380

Published: March 18, 2024

The discovery of the significant lethal impacts tire additive transformation product N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q) on coho salmon has garnered global attention. However, bioaccumulation and trophic transfer additives their products (TATPs) within food webs remain obscure. This study first characterized levels compositions 15 TATPs in Pearl River Estuary, estimated potential 21 estuarine species, identified priority contaminants. Our observations indicated that were prevalent environment. Eight, six, seven, 10 quantified shrimp, sea cucumber, snail, fish samples, with total mean 45, 56, 64, 67 ng/g (wet weight), respectively. N,N′-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) N,N′-bis(2-methylphenyl)-1,4-benzenediamine (DTPD) exhibited high bioaccumulation. Significant biodilution was only for benzothiazole, while DPPD DTPD displayed biomagnification trends based Monte Carlo simulations. mechanisms trophodynamics could be explained by chemical hydrophobicity, molecular mass, metabolic rates. Based a multicriteria scoring technique, DPPD, DTPD, 6PPD-Q as work emphasizes importance biomonitoring, particularly specific hydrophobic additives.

Language: Английский

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Polyethylene nanoparticles at environmentally relevant concentrations enhances neurotoxicity and accumulation of 6-PPD quinone in Caenorhabditis elegans

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 918, P. 170760 - 170760

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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Comparison of intestinal toxicity in enhancing intestinal permeability and in causing ROS production of six PPD quinones in Caenorhabditis elegans

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 927, P. 172306 - 172306

Published: April 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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Exposure to 6-PPD quinone causes ferroptosis activation associated with induction of reproductive toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 471, P. 134356 - 134356

Published: April 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Association between 6PPD-quinone exposure and BMI, influenza, and diarrhea in children

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 247, P. 118201 - 118201

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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An overview of the key topics related to the study of tire particles and their chemical leachates: From problems to solutions

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 117563 - 117563

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

The environmental contamination and biological impacts of tire particles their associated chemicals is great concern. Variously termed as wear (TWP), road (TRWP), end-of-life tires (ELTs) to differentiate between possible compositions sources in the environment, these rubber are a major source plastic pollution. array added that leach into environment presents an additional environmental, toxicological regulatory challenge. In this review, we define several topic areas relevant study particles, outlining current state ongoing challenges. Emissions estimates needed establish loads based on dated, summarised dataset rather than measured data, but determining presence hampered by lack standardised sampling methods. Several techniques for analysis available, variability model composition makes selection analytical markers challenging, does commercial standards. Toxicologically, there remains need delineate particle leachate effects and, addition, investigate emerging concern transformation products. Such knowledge required feed processes which currently regulate constituents separately whole tire. Technological solutions capture or replace progressing, often outside academia, it important scientific community collaborate with those attempting reduce impact tires, including industry.

Language: Английский

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p-Phenylenediamine Derivatives in Tap Water: Implications for Human Exposure

Water, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1128 - 1128

Published: April 16, 2024

Human exposure to p-phenylenediamine derivatives (PPDs) may induce hepatotoxicity and altered glycolipid metabolism. Recent studies have demonstrated the wide presence of PPDs in environmental matrixes. However, until now, occurrence tap water has not been well known. This study analyzed nine collected from Hangzhou Taizhou, China. The results showed that seven were detected samples (n = 131), with concentration total ranging 0.29 7.9 ng/L (mean: 1.6 ng/L). N-(1, 3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD; mean: 0.79 ng/L, <LOD−5.7 ng/L) was predominant PPD Hangzhou, followed by N, N′-di-2-butyl-p-phenylenediamine (44PD; 0.39 <LOD−2.2 N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine (IPPD; 0.31 <LOD−1.4 Five Taizhou 30). N-phenyl-N′-cyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine (CPPD; 1.0 <LOD−4.2 6PPD (0.93 <LOD−2.6 44PD (0.78 <LOD−1.8 mean daily intake (DI) for adults children estimated be 4.9–24 6.4–32 pg/kg bw/day, respectively. Meanwhile, DI living 11–31 14–40 To our knowledge, this provides first data on water, which is vital human risk assessment.

Language: Английский

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Environmental profiles, hazard identification, and toxicological hallmarks of emerging tire rubber-related contaminants 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187, P. 108677 - 108677

Published: April 21, 2024

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is commonly used in rubber compounds as antioxidants to protect against degradation from heat, oxygen, and ozone exposure. This practice extends the lifespan of products, including tires, by preventing cracking, aging, deterioration. However, environmental consequences waste generated during product use, particularly formation 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) through reaction 6PPD with ozone, have raised significant concerns due their detrimental effects on ecosystems. Extensive research has revealed widespread occurrence its derivate 6PPD-Q various compartments, air, water, soil. The emerging substance been shown pose acute mortality long-term hazards aquatic terrestrial organisms at concentrations below environmentally relevant levels. Studies demonstrated toxic a range organisms, zebrafish, nematodes, mammals. These include neurobehavioral changes, reproductive dysfunction, digestive damage exposure pathways. Mechanistic insights suggest that mitochondrial stress, DNA adduct formation, disruption lipid metabolism contribute toxicity induced 6PPD-Q. Recent findings human samples, such blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, underscore importance further public health toxicological implications these compounds. distribution, fate, biological effects, underlying mechanisms environment highlight urgent need for additional understand address impacts

Language: Английский

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