Hepatitis E in blood donors: prevalence, risks of posttransfusion infection and screening strategy

Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 70(1), P. 85 - 96

Published: March 13, 2025

Introduction . Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is transmitted primarily through contaminated water and food, but cases of transfusiontransmitted HEV infection (TT-HEV) have also been described. TT-HEV may pose a serious risk for immunosuppressed patients, such as recipients hematopoietic stem cell transplants or solid organ transplants. The associated with viremia in asymptomatic donors. In recent years, several European countries Japan introduced universal screening blood donors RNA. Aim : to systematize published data on the prevalence among levels different regions world, well approaches HEV. Main findings An analysis research obtained limited donor cohorts, real-world following implementation indicates relevance testing results studies conducted Russian Federation indicate frequency detection comparable that observed where RNA has already implemented. absence documented be due not problem such, insuffi cient availability hepatitis diagnostics and/or lack awareness clinicians regarding this infection.

Language: Английский

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The Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in a Highly Endemic Area of Italy

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 502 - 502

Published: March 31, 2025

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection can become chronic in immunocompromised patients, like solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). We evaluated HEV prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes among SOTRs a hyperendemic area. Three hundred were enrolled from April to July 2019 tested for anti-HEV IgM IgG RNA. Sixty-three (21%) positive any marker. was independently associated with older age pork liver sausage consumption. viremic harbored genotype 3e 3f according RNA sequencing phylogenetic analysis. Overall, 10 had markers of active/recent (HEV and/or IgM) followed up prospectively. Five them spontaneously resolved their infection. In two recipients, clearance achieved only through immunosuppression reduction, while three needed ribavirin therapy achieve virologic resolution. observed course 30% No association found between tacrolimus assumption chronicization. conclusion, we high prevalence attending center Italian region. Systematic screening all dietary education control are recipients.

Language: Английский

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Plasmacytoid dendritic cell sensing of hepatitis E virus is shaped by both viral and host factors

Life Science Alliance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. e202503256 - e202503256

Published: April 2, 2025

Type I and III interferons critically protect the host against viral infection. Previous studies showed that IFN responses are suppressed in cells infected by hepatitis E virus (HEV). Here, we studied anti-HEV function of secreted plasmacytoid dendritic (pDCs), specialized producers IFNs. We pDCs co-cultured with HEV-replicating a cell contact–dependent manner. This pDC response required endosomal nucleic acid sensor TLR7 adhesion molecules. IFNs reduced spread. Intriguingly, ORF2, capsid protein HEV, can be produced various forms cells, wanted to study their role immune response. During infection, fraction ORF2 localizes into nucleus, glycosylated massively cells. potentiates recognition pDCs, regulating contacts. On other hand, nuclear triggers IRF3 activation. Together, our results suggest may essential control HEV replication.

Language: Английский

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Establishment of a robust rat hepatitis E virus fecal-oral infection model and validation for antiviral studies

Antiviral Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 216, P. 105670 - 105670

Published: July 13, 2023

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of hepatitis, with an estimated 3.3 million symptomatic cases annually. There no HEV-specific treatment besides the off-label use ribavirin and vaccine only available in China Pakistan. To aid development therapeutic preventive strategies, there need for convenient HEV infection models small laboratory animals. this end, we make rat virus. Human infections have been reported recent years, making it relevant pathogen establishment animal model. We here report that oral gavage feces suspension, containing pre-defined viral RNA load, results reproducible synchronized athymic nude rats. This route administration mimics fecal-oral transmission standardized fashion. suitability model to study effect antiviral drugs was assessed by using ribavirin, which significantly reduced loads feces, liver, other tissues.

Language: Английский

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Hepatitis E virus: has anything changed?

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(3), P. 169 - 174

Published: March 28, 2023

Infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a global health concern, yet clinically underdiagnosed cause of acute and chronic hepatitis. The WHO estimates that 20 million people are infected HEV annually, the epidemiology, diagnosis prevention remain elusive in many clinical settings.

Language: Английский

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