Burn inhalation injury and intubation with dexamethasone-eluting endotracheal tubes modulate local microbiome and alter airway inflammation

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Inhalation injuries, caused by exposure to extreme heat and chemical irritants, lead complications with speaking, swallowing, breathing. This study investigates the effects of thermal injury endotracheal tube (ETT) placement on airway microbiome inflammatory response. A secondary aim is assess impact localized dexamethasone delivery via a drug-eluting ETT reduce laryngeal scarring. was developed in swine administering heated air (150°C-160°C) under endoscopic visualization. Following injury, segments regular or dexamethasone-loaded tubes (ETTs) were placed injured airways for 3 7 days. Computed tomography (CT) scans used narrowing post-injury. Biofilm formation ETTs investigated using micro-CT microscopy. The analyzed 16S rRNA sequencing. Inflammatory markers quantified an immunoassay macrophage populations tissue assessed CD86 CD206 staining. Tracheal tissues also histologically examined epithelial thickness, collagen area, mucin production. CT confirmed post-injury, particularly around sites. more extensive dexamethasone-coated at later timepoints. Beta diversity analysis revealed significant shifts microbial composition related type (R2 = 0.04, p < 0.05) duration 0.22, 0.05). Differential abundance demonstrated positive log fold changes genera such as Bergeriella, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteriodes over time. IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-1β elevated dexamethasone-ETT groups days, then decreased Macrophage significantly greater compared days (p 0.002 0.0213, respectively). Epithelial thickness burn-injured 0.027). Thermal inhalation inflammation, structural integrity, composition. Dexamethasone-eluting ETTs, intended increased biofilm cytokine levels, suggesting complex interactions between drug coating host immune shifted specific taxa thriving inflamed environment.

Language: Английский

---

Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates and inhibition of biofilm

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 13, 2024

Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii poses a significant therapeutic challenge due to its resistance multiple antibiotics and biofilm formation capabilities. This study characterized MDR A. baumannii strains for the possession of genes related their ability form biofilms. Additionally, it evaluated compounds, particularly essential oils, antibiofilm activity. Method: This was cross-sectional conducted at 750-bed Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital in Nepal. Identification antibiotic sensitivity isolates from clinical specimens were performed following guidelines American Society Microbiology. Strains screened motility profiles, biofilms microtiter plate assay, biofilm-related gene(s) by conventional polymerase chain reaction. The cinnamaldehyde, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Tween 80, amino acids glycine glutamic acid, natural plant extracts inhibit also used microtitre system. Result: Out total 200 isolates, 195 MDR, with 192 able produce Among them, 83.1% strong producers. In this study, 42.0% 66.2% showed twitching surface-associated motility, respectively. Thirty medical devices contained biofilm-associated csuE, ompA, bap bla_PER-1, present 90.0%, 53.3%, 46.6%, 26.6% strains. Cinnamaldehyde most effective compound, inhibiting 77.3%, followed ethanolic extract onion (77.2%) , 0.5% 80 (76.8%), oils ginger (70.8% ) garlic (68.6%), chili pepper (68.1%), oil Ageratina adenophora (67.6%), EDTA (54.8%) turmeric (51.9%). reduced 66.6% 33.7% Conclusion: commonly producers often possessed csuE ompA. Essential along (≥67%) reducing amount These findings help understand production provide valuable insights into setting.

Language: Английский

---

Optimizing Diagnosis and Management of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Systematic Evaluation of Biofilm Detection Methods and Bacterial Colonization on Endotracheal Tubes

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1966 - 1966

Published: Sept. 28, 2024

Healthcare-associated infections, such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and biofilm formation on intubation cannulas, impose significant burdens hospitals, affecting staffing, finances, patient wellbeing, while also increasing the risk of mortality. We propose a research study aimed at exploring various methodologies for detecting these discovered in medical devices, particularly tracheal understanding role each method comprehending infections from an etiological perspective. Our investigation involves analysis types endotracheal tubes utilized case, bacteria species identified, strategies combating biofilm-associated infections. The potential impact our is substantial improvement care through enhanced diagnosis management

Language: Английский

---

Characterization and Biofilm Inhibition of Multidrug‐Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates

International Journal of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii poses a significant therapeutic challenge due to its resistance multiple antibiotics and ability form biofilm. This study aimed characterize MDR A. isolates for their biofilm‐forming capabilities the presence of common biofilm‐related genes at tertiary care university hospital in Nepal. In addition, it assessed efficacy various compounds, particularly essential oils, inhibiting biofilm formation. Identification antibiotic sensitivity testing from clinical specimens were conducted according guidelines American Society Microbiology. Isolates screened motility profiles, production microtiter plate assay, gene(s) by conventional polymerase chain reaction. The cinnamaldehyde, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Tween 80, amino acids (glycine glutamic acid), natural plant extracts inhibit formation was also tested using system. Out total 200 isolates, 195 MDR, with 192 able produce biofilms. Among them, 83.1% strong producers. this study, 42.0% 66.2% exhibited twitching surface‐associated motility, respectively. Thirty medical devices contained csuE, ompA, bap, b l PER−1 , 90.0%, 53.3%, 46.6%, 26.6% strains, Cinnamaldehyde (0.875 mg/mL) most effective compound, 77.3%, followed ethanolic extract onion (77.2%), 0.5% 80 (76.8%), oil ginger (70.8%). majority producers often possessed csuE ompA . Essential oils mg/L, along (≥ 67%) These findings help understand provide valuable insights into setting.

Language: Английский

---

BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI ISOLATED FROM ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE SECRETIONS AND TRACHEAL ASPIRATES FROM PATIENTS ON MECHANICAL VENTILATION: A HOSPITAL-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106 - 108

Published: July 15, 2024

Objective: Nosocomial infections have become a serious threat to mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients. Major risk factor critically ill patients is excessive use of invasive devices like Endotracheal tube (ET) tracheal intubation. The development biofilm their subsequent dislodgement aids in lung colonization may cause Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) [1]. Methods: Present study was conducted on ET tips Tracheal aspirates received microbiological laboratory from various ICU’s (Medical, surgical pediatric) Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam over period one year September 2022 August 2023. A total 116 samples were processed according standard protocols Antibiotic Susceptible Testing (AST) performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method Mueller-Hinton agar as per CLSI guidelines. Results: In total, processed. 76/116 40/116, with males (69/116) outnumbered females (47/116). Out samples, 72 (62%) culture-positive 44 (38%) sterile. Acinetobacter spp. the most common pathogen culture positives (31/72, 43%), followed Klebsiella (20/72, 28%), Pseudomonas (13/72, 18%) Escherichia coli (8/72, 11%). 11 (11/72, 15%) GNB found multi-drug resistant. resistant isolated (6/72), (3/72) (2/72). Meropenem susceptible antibiotic, Piperacillin-Tazobactam. Conclusion: It concluded this that commonly Most these isolates sensitive Carbapenem BLBLI combination drugs. Microbial persistence impaired response treatment more frequent, when organisms present. Hence local combined antibiotic approach, based bacteriological profile AST essential initiate empirical therapy which will minimize bacterial prevent incidences VAP.

Language: Английский

---

Tracheal tube infections in critical care: A narrative review of influencing factors, microbial agents, and mitigation strategies in intensive care unit settings

SAGE Open Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Tracheal tube infections pose significant challenges in the management of mechanically ventilated patients intensive care units. These contribute to prolonged unit stays, increased healthcare costs, spread antibiotic resistance, and poor patient outcomes. This study aims elucidate complex relationship between environmental factors, hospital practices, incidence tracheal infections. Our comprehensive review explores impact factors such as air quality, water sources, equipment contamination, ventilation strategies, infection control protocols, microbial reservoirs within settings on rates. Additionally, it investigates global variations prevalence, which are influenced by differences infrastructure, adherence, resistance profiles, demographics. findings highlight importance targeted interventions collaborative approaches reduce burden improve By fully understanding interplay conditions effective prevention strategies can be developed outcomes resources, ultimately enhancing quality critical settings.

Language: Английский

---

Photodynamic therapy as a potential approach for preventing fungal spread associated with the use of endotracheal tubes

Photochemistry and Photobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 22, 2024

Fungal infections related to biofilm formation on medical devices, such as endotracheal tubes (ETTs), pose significant health risks, especially during intubation procedures where fungi like Candida spp. can migrate into the lower respiratory tract. This study explores use of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) prevent fungal cell migration from ETT surfaces lungs, focusing role curcumin a photosensitizer. ETTs were coated with varying concentrations curcumin, and was measured after applying PDT 50 J/cm

Language: Английский

---