Interplay of swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus and the host intrinsic and innate immunity

Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 56(1)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Abstract Swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), a novel HKU2-related of bat origin, is newly emerged swine enteropathogenic that causes severe in piglets. SADS-CoV has broad cell tropism with the capability to infect wide variety cells from human and diverse animals, which implicates its ability hold high risks cross-species transmission. The intracellular antiviral immunity, comprised intrinsic innate represents first line host defence against viral infection prior onset adaptive immunity. To date, there are no vaccines drugs approved prevent or treat infection. Understanding mutual relationship between immunity crucial for development SADS-CoV. Here, we review recent advancements our understanding interplay extensive in-depth investigation on their interactive will contribute identification new targets developing intervention strategies control

Language: Английский

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Molecular characterization of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus detected in Vietnamese pigs

Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 56(1)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Abstract Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a novel porcine that was recently identified in southern China 2017. At present, there lack of nationwide epidemiological investigations the newly emerged SADS-CoV. Because Vietnam geographically adjacent to China, many diseases have spread from Vietnam. To assess SADS-CoV transmission Vietnam, we conducted retrospective study detect samples collected pig farms northern Among 69 fecal tested, 5 were positive for The spike gene sequence showed high genetic homology with strains circulating China. Our first show has and highlights need global

Language: Английский

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PABPC4 Inhibits SADS-CoV Replication by Degrading the Nucleocapsid Protein Through Selective Autophagy

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 257 - 257

Published: March 10, 2025

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a novel enteric that causes severe clinical and intestinal pathological injury in pigs. Selective autophagy an important mechanism of host defense against virus invasion. However, the through which SADS-CoV-mediated selective mediates innate immune response remains unknown. Here, we report protein PABPC4 can inhibit SADS-CoV replication targeting degrading its N protein. Furthermore, demonstrate recruits MARCHF8 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase), ubiquitinates degraded via NDP52/CALCOCO2 (a cargo receptor). Taken together, these findings reveal new by inhibits replication, target for antiviral drug development.

Language: Английский

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Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus: An Overview of Virus Structure and Virus–Host Interactions

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 149 - 149

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

SADS-CoV, a recently identified Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2-associated swine coronavirus, is malignant pathogen that causes acute diarrhea, severe and weight loss in infected piglets. The virus was first detected Guangdong Province, China, 2017 has since been observed Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangxi Provinces. In 2023, the Henan inland China. This can infect various cell lines, including human showing significant potential for cross-species transmission posing possible zoonotic threat. However, molecular biology of SADS-CoV remains largely unknown, there are no commercially available therapeutics or vaccines to prevent infection. this review, an update on progress research provided, with focus history outbreaks, characteristics virus, its interactions host, developments vaccines.

Language: Английский

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The Alpha-coronavirus E protein inhibits the JAK-STAT pathway signaling by triggering STAT2 degradation through OPTN- and NBR1-mediated selective autophagy

Autophagy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 16, 2025

The zoonotic transmission of coronaviruses continues to pose a considerable threat humans. Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), bat related HKU2, causes severe economic losses in the pig industry and has potential trigger outbreaks However, our understanding how SADS-CoV evades host's innate immunity remains limited, hindering effective responses human outbreaks. In this study, we demonstrate that envelope protein (E) inhibits type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling by inducing degradation STAT2 via macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosome pathway. Mechanistically, E host promoting through autophagy, mediated NBR1 OPTN receptors. Notably, ubiquitination is required for autophagic STAT2. Additionally, lysine residue K61 crucial its stable expression; however, it not involved ubiquitination. conclusion, study reveals novel mechanism which disrupts IFN-I targeting enhancing SADS-CoV's immune evasion strategies providing drug targets controlling viral infections.

Language: Английский

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Development of a novel double-antibody sandwich quantitative ELISA for detecting SADS-CoV infection

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 107(7-8), P. 2413 - 2422

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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Bat Rhinacoviruses Related to Swine Acute Diarrhoea Syndrome Coronavirus Evolve under Strong Host and Geographic Constraints in China and Vietnam

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 1114 - 1114

Published: July 11, 2024

Swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV; Coronaviridae, Rhinacovirus) was detected in 2017 Guangdong Province (China), where it caused high mortality rates piglets. According to previous studies, SADS-CoV evolved from horseshoe bat reservoirs. Here, we report the first five Rhinacovirus genomes sequenced bats Vietnam and their comparisons with data published China. Our phylogenetic analyses provided evidence for four groups: rhinacoviruses Rhinolphus pusillus bats, including one Vietnam; Hainan; Yunnan showing a divergent synonymous nucleotide composition; related viruses, sampled Rhinolophus affinis thomasi. phylogeographic showed that Dien Bien (Vietnam) share more affinities those (China) ancestor of SADS-CoVs arose circulating Guangdong. We sequencing errors artificial chimeric data. The two previously identified as recombinant could also be problematic. reliable currently available, therefore, suggests all strains originate single source virus has been spreading pig farms several provinces China at least seven years since outbreak August 2016.

Language: Английский

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A Quadruplex qRT-PCR for Differential Detection of Four Porcine Enteric Coronaviruses

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(11), P. 634 - 634

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis (TGEV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and swine acute syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) are four identified enteric coronaviruses. Pigs infected with these viruses show similar manifestations of diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration. Here, a quadruplex real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) assay was established for the differential detection PEDV, TGEV, PDCoV, SADS-CoV from fecal samples. The showed extreme specificity, high sensitivity, excellent reproducibility, limit (LOD) 121 copies/μL (final reaction concentration 12.1 copies/μL) each virus. 3236 clinical samples Guangxi province in China collected between October 2020 2022 were evaluated by qRT-PCR, positive rates 18.26% (591/3236), 0.46% (15/3236), 13.16% (426/3236), 0.15% (5/3236), respectively. also multiplex qRT-PCR reported previously other scientists, compliance rate two methods more than 99%. This illustrated that developed can provide an accurate method

Language: Английский

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Potential cross‐species transmission risks of emerging swine enteric coronavirus to human beings

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(7)

Published: June 30, 2023

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a wide group of animal pathogens, which can cause variety diseases, and sometimes pose great challenge on public health.1 CoVs belong to the Nidovirales order, Coronaviridae family, Coronavirinae subfamily, contains four genera-Alphacoronavirus (α-CoV), Betacoronavirus (β-CoV), Gammacoronavirus (γ-CoV) Deltacoronavirus (δ-CoV).2 To date, seven human (HCoVs) have been identified: HCoV-NL63 HCoV-229E α-CoV, HCoV-OC43, HKU1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), MERS-CoV, latest SARS-CoV-2 β-CoV.1, 3 Importantly, all them descended from reservoirs. HCoV-OC43 HKU1 considered likely be originated rodents, HCoV-229E, SARS-CoV, very passed bats humans in zoonotic event, although supposed origins SARS-CoV still debate.2, Wild animals (e.g., palm civets for camels MERS-CoV) usually play important roles as intermediate hosts that enable virus spill over natural humans.2 Although exact host spread controversial, wild animals, including raccoon dogs, bamboo rats, pangolin, thought highest likehood.1, The ongoing pandemic has brought CoVs, especially those with potential cross-species transmission, into unprecedented attention worldwide. Swine (SCoVs) major enteric pathogens pigs. These include transmissible gastroenteritis (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea (PEDV), (PRCV), hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis (PHEV), emerging SCoVs, delta (PDCoV), swine (SADS-CoV).3 Among them, TGEV, PEDV, PRCV, SADS-CoV PHEV belongs β-CoV while PDCoV δ-CoV.2 All these SCoVs infect However, newly also shown broad tropism,4, 5 suggesting health. Here, we discussed recent progress transmission SADS-CoV. We highlight urgency implementing preventive interventions.3 was first reported Hong Kong 2012 associated suckling piglets 2014 United States,6 detected China 2016.2 Retrospective studies showed detectable clinical samples early 2004 SADS-related (SADSr-CoVs) 96−98% sequence identity were 9.8% anal swabs collected different Rhinolophus species during 2013-2016.2, 6 Currently, is widely prevalent pigs North America, East Asia Southeast Asia.3 Studies suggest aquatic birds may serve reservoirs δ-CoVs terrestrial represent (Figure 1).6 Phylogenetic analyses relatively recently host-switching event between mammals, sparrows role adaptive evolution PDCoV.6, 7 initially identified HKU2-related bat at time its finding. directions unclear there no clues host.2 limited only outbreaks independently Guangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian Guangxi provinces.8 status jumped directly through accidental events 1), so incomplete, limits Recent show some biological properties raised researchers concerns about their agents (Table 1, Figure 1). First, both multiply various cell lines derived diverse species, swine, chicken, bovine, feline, monkey, human.4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18 Second, demonstrated able other under experimental conditions, example, chicks, turkey poults, calves, mice. Further, infected symptoms pathological lesions, diarrhea, mild symptoms, lesions intestinal lung tissues, neuroinflammatory.3, 6, 10, 15-18 Third, not humans, independent infections three Haitian children fever, cough, abdominal pain 2015.14 results imply possess tropism harm health safety. Thus, it warranted implement One Health approach surveillance identify etiology patients and/or caused by unknown pathogens. This will become clinically feasible when economic convenient new diagnostic methods detect many simultaneously small amount sample nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab sample, blood) available. Meanwhile, monitor persons who closely contact such farm workers, asymptomatic symptomatic infections. Another concern biosafety biosecurity issue proposed experiments. evaluate compatibility, series experiments conducted vitro vivo. On one hand, did learn deal characteristics viruses prepare us future vaccines therapeutics needs. make easily accessible inadvertently accelerating possibly facilitating cross barriers. For after going passage chickens mice, HNZK-02 strain habored 2 amino acids mutation (D138H Q641K) S protein.13 adapted strains differences. GDS04-P12 nucleotides insertion deletion multiple sites genome compared CH/GD-01/2017 or CN/GDWT/2017 strains, they obtained same source outbreaks.19 Moreover, most current research performed level II (BSL-2) laboratories, obviously increase risk over. researcher should more cautious conducting potentially high-risk possibility using pseudovirus system higher laboratories (BSL-3 BSL-4), avoid interspecies adaptation species. Additionally, any study involving hazardous must subject ethical principles medical practice. In summary, two possible human. It necessary take appropriate interventions reduce since poultry livestock suitable mixers influenza viruses) beings. Considering prevalence pigs, economically rational strategy block routes massive immunization highly effective vaccine, similar successful experience H7N9 intervention.20 rarely outbroke southern China, reasonable efficient adopt eradication. given seriously endangering past, present future, urgent understand pathogenic mechanisms develop broad-spectrum anti-CoV drugs pan-CoV vaccines. Zhenhua Guo: conceptualization, data collection analysis, writing-original draft, grant application. Qianyue Jin, Peng Li, Guangxu Xing: proof reading editing. Qingxia Lu Gaiping Zhang: supervision, application authors read approved final manuscript. work supported Natural Science Foundation Henan (232300421170), Major Technology Projects (221100110600), Outstanding Youth Fund (222300420051), Agriculture Research System MOF MARA (CARS-35). funders had design, interpretation, decision submit publication. declare conflict interest. support findings this available corresponding author upon request.

Language: Английский

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Reverse Genetics Systems for Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Coronaviruses and Applications

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 2003 - 2003

Published: Sept. 26, 2023

Emerging and re-emerging swine coronaviruses (CoVs), including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), acute syndrome-CoV (SADS-CoV), cause severe in neonatal piglets, CoV infection is associated with significant economic losses for the industry worldwide. Reverse genetics systems realize manipulation of RNA genome facilitate development new vaccines. Thus far, five reverse approaches have been successfully applied to engineer genome: targeted recombination, vitro ligation, bacterial artificial chromosome-based vaccinia -based yeast-based method. This review summarizes advantages limitations these approaches; it also discusses latest research progress terms their use virus-related pathogenesis elucidation, vaccine candidate development, antiviral drug screening, replication mechanism determination.

Language: Английский

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