Trans, Trans-Farnesol Enhances the Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Biofilm Effect of Arachidonic Acid on the Cariogenic Bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(21), P. 11770 - 11770

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Background: Streptococcus mutans and sobrinus are Gram-positive bacteria involved in the development of dental caries, as they able to form biofilms on tooth enamel, ferment sugars into acids, survive under acidic conditions. This ultimately leads a local lowering pH value surface, which causes enamel cavities. Hypothesis: One measure reduce caries is limit growth cariogenic by using two anti-bacterial agents with different mechanisms action. The hypothesis this study was that activity ω-6 polyunsaturated arachidonic acid (AA) against S. can be enhanced sesquiterpene alcohol trans, trans-farnesol (t,t-farnesol). Methods: single combined treatment determined checkerboard assay. Bacterial viability assessed live/dead SYTO 9/propidium iodide (PI) staining flow cytometry. Anti-biofilm MTT metabolic assay, crystal violet biofilm biomass, 9/PI spinning disk confocal microscopy (SDCM) high-resolution scanning electron (HR-SEM). Results: t,t-Farnesol lowered minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (MBIC) AA at sub-MICs. reduced preformed mature biofilms, while t,t-farnesol had no significant effect. effect t,t-farnesol/AA further evidenced increased PI uptake, indicating membrane perforation. anti-biofilm verified SDCM HR-SEM. Gene expression studies showed some biofilm-related genes. Conclusions: Altogether, our suggests potential use naturally occurring compounds for preventing formation sobrinus. These findings have implications prevention.

Language: Английский

Minibrain plays a role in the adult brain development of honeybee (Apis mellifera) workers

Insect Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

Abstract The brain of adult honeybee ( Apis mellifera ) workers is larger than that queens, facilitating behavioural differentiation between the castes. This diphenism develops during pharate‐adult stage and driven by a caste‐specific gene expression cascade in response to unique hormonal milieus. Previous molecular screening identified minibrain mnb ; DYRK1A as potential regulator this process. Here, we used RNAi approach reduce transcript levels test its role on development honeybees. White‐eyed unpigmented cuticle worker pupae were injected with dsRNA for (Mnb‐i) or gfp , their phenotypes assessed two 8 days later using classic histological transcriptomic analyses. After 2 injections, Mnb‐i bees showed 98% downregulation transcripts. days, reduction total volume mushroom bodies (MB), antennal, optic lobes. Additionally, signs apoptosis observed Kenyon cells region MB, cohesion tissues was affected. Our analyses revealed 226 genes affected knockdown transcripts, most which allowing axonal fasciculation. These results suggest evolutionary conserved has been co‐opted promoting hormone‐mediated developmental morphological plasticity generating caste

Language: Английский