One Health at gunpoint: Impact of wild boars as exotic species in Brazil - A review

One Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17, P. 100577 - 100577

Published: June 8, 2023

Wild boars have been listed among the 100 most invasive species worldwide, spreading impacts to all continents, with exception of Antarctica. In Brazil, a major source introduction was commercial livestock importation for exotic meat market, followed by successive escapes and releases natural ecosystems. Currently found in six Brazilian biomes, reports 11 states, wild invaded agricultural areas. reportedly indicated as hosts reservoirs several zoonotic diseases including toxoplasmosis, salmonelosis, leptospirosis, brucellosis, tuberculosis, trichinellosis, hepatitis E. also associated spotted fever rabies, infected while providing plentiful blood supply native ticks hematophagous bats. Due their phylogenetic proximity, may present ecological niche overlapping direct disease risk white-lipped collared peccaries. Moreover, post an economical threat industry due restrictive such Aujeszky, enzootic pneumonia, neosporosis, hemoplasmosis, classic swine fever. Finally, directly impacted environmentally protected areas, silting up water springs, rooting wallowing plants, decreasing vegetal coverage, disbalancing soil components, altering structure composition. boar hunting has failed control measure date, according Ministry Environment, private groups mostly targeting males, intentionally leaving females piglets alive, disseminating populations nationwide. Meanwhile, non-government animal welfare organizations pointed cruelty dogs (and species) during hunting. Despite unanimous necessity control, eradication prevention, methods controversial should focus on effective governmental measures instead occasional game hunting, which negatively wildlife continuously spread throughout Brazil.

Language: Английский

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African swine fever incursion risks in Latin America and the Caribbean: informal and legal import pathways

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 1, 2025

African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating hemorrhagic disease of with high mortality rates and severe socioeconomic impacts on affected pig industries. In 2021, ASF was reported in the Americas for first time 40 years, prompting risk assessments its introduction spread. This study evaluates incursion across territories Caribbean, Central America, North northern South America. A structured, multi-step assessment synthesized peer-reviewed literature, government reports, gray epidemiological databases to classify two primary pathways: informal imports (e.g., traveler-carried pork, illegal migration, unregulated waste disposal) legal trade live pork products). Territories were categorized as “Probable,” “Unlikely,” or “Unknown,” certainty levels (Low, Medium, High) based data robustness. Results indicate “Probable” (Medium certainty) via formal Bahamas, British Virgin Islands, Colombia, Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Turks Caicos, U.S. Islands. contrast, Barbados, Bermuda, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guyana classified “Unlikely” experience an outbreak under current conditions. Due insufficient data, 24 “Unknown” (Low certainty), highlighting critical knowledge gaps. These findings emphasize need enhanced surveillance, systematic data-sharing, regional collaboration improve implement effective prevention measures Americas.

Language: Английский

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Conservation effectiveness of Chinese protected areas on the completeness of medium- and large-bodied mammal community

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 306, P. 111128 - 111128

Published: April 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Tuberculosis in Wild Pigs from Argentina

EcoHealth, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 71 - 82

Published: March 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Exotic wild boars and native wild guinea pigs maintain plant diversity in Argentinean coastal grasslands by decreasing plant dominance

Journal of Vegetation Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35(4)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract Question In productive grasslands highly dominated by a single plant species, herbivores can promote overall diversity. Wild boars ( Sus scrofa ) often decrease species diversity, alter regeneration and change community composition in their native invader ranges while digging uprooting vegetation for feeding. addition, wild guinea pigs Cavia aperea ), small vertebrate herbivore to South America, concentrate feeding activities open patches where they also affect biomass composition. this context, wild‐boar disturbances diversity herbaceous systems characterized dominant species? Can magnify these impacts? Location Coastal salt marshes of the northeastern part temperate Argentine pampas, that are or exotic species. Methods We first analyzed alpha‐ beta‐diversity assemblies three natural coastal areas, invaded boars, through samplings (comparing disturbed undisturbed areas) experiments (using exclosures control plots). Then, we whether could patch recovery (alpha‐ beta‐diversity) after one site. Results enhanced alpha‐diversity (compared but had no significant effect on beta‐diversity. Nevertheless, increased between‐patch heterogeneity (i.e., beta‐diversity). Conclusion remove that, without subsequent wild‐guinea‐pig herbivory, rapidly recover. Wild‐guinea‐pig herbivory allows different subordinate peak at patches, contributing larger richness scales areas otherwise occupied wider results imply joint action different‐sized help maintain plant‐dominated grasslands.

Language: Английский

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Pushing the boundaries: actual and potential distribution of thrushes expanding their ranges in South America

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 30, 2024

The distribution of a species reflects its ecological adaptability and evolutionary history, which is shaped by the environment represents dynamic area subject to anthropogenic environmental change. We used MaxEnt algorithm construct niche models for four thrush within Turdus genus; T. amaurochalinus, chiguanco, falcklandii rufiventris. These were predict potential geographic distributions these that are expanding their ranges in South America. Using occurrence records, we estimated currently occupied areas each species. also identified suitable habitats projected possible be colonized at continental scale. Temperature annual range had highest influence falcklandii, while human modification was main variable explaining other three ranged from 2.5 million km2 nearly seven amaurochalinus. Large proportions remain unoccupied all species, being 50% amaurochalinus rufiventris, about 70% chiguanco falcklandii. Anthropogenic disturbances, such as habitat loss ecosystem transformation, lead non-random extinction biotic homogenization, highlighting importance predictive valuable tools informing mitigation policies conservation strategies. Thrushes progressively ranges, colonization new could bring challenges.

Language: Английский

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El jabalí y el cerdo silvestre (Sus scrofa) en la Argentina

Ecología Austral, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 401 - 421

Published: July 25, 2024

El jabalí, el cerdo silvestre y sus híbridos (Sus scrofa) se encuentran entre las especies exóticas invasoras más dañinas ampliamente distribuidas en mundo. En la Argentina, jabalí ocupa casi mitad de superficie del país; invade todos los ecosistemas expande anualmente su distribución. Como otras partes planeta donde fue introducido, provoca impactos negativos sobre biodiversidad, economía salud. Esta especie omnívora amenaza conservación por depredación competencia, alteración suelo perturbación interacciones biológicas. afecta actividades productivas, ello genera costos económicos considerables asociados a mitigación daños al manejo poblaciones. Además, puede impactar salud pública, dado que es un importante reservorio diseminador patógenos. Asimismo, forma positivamente —directa e indirectamente— con como caza deportiva obtención carne derivados. Si bien están documentados varias regiones existen vacíos información efectos principales productivas rol epidemiológico fauna nativa, ganado personas. A nivel país, control limitado insuficiente, muy pocos casos exitosos registrados. La dinámica poblacional combinada otros factores (e.g., cambios uso tierra cambio climático), plantea escenario desafiante futuro. Argentina debe enfrentar amenazas representa desarrollando implementando una estrategia nacional. Para lograr este propósito, indispensable realizar planificación cuidadosa toma decisiones orientada controlar efectivamente poblaciones contener dispersión geográfica mitigar negativos.

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Serologic Survey of Brucella spp. in Culled Invasive Alien Mammals from El Palmar National Park, Argentina, and in Exposed Consumers

Journal of Wildlife Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(4)

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. and transmitted from domestic wild animals to humans. causes important economic losses in livestock, has significant impact on public health, may affect the health of wildlife. Hunting consumption meat culled wildlife constitute risk for infection humans hunting dogs. In El Palmar National Park (EPNP), Argentina, invasive alien mammals boar (Sus scrofa) axis deer (Axis axis) are controlled, slaughtered situ, consumed hunters, with trimmings offal often fed this study, we evaluated but did not detect anti-Brucella antibodies (n=95) (n=238) EPNP or game consumers, dogs (n=39) (n=61). These results suggest lack exposure at site during study period. Despite negative findings sampled location, One Health surveillance across multiple species contributes our understanding pathogen dynamics enables targeted interventions minimize risks.

Language: Английский

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Habitat suitability and relative abundance of wild boars in the east‐central Tianshan Mountains, China

Journal of Wildlife Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

Abstract As wild boar populations and their distribution ranges increase, human–wild conflicts have become increasingly prevalent in numerous regions across the globe. These a profound impact on human livelihoods, resulting significant economic losses. Understanding habitat requirements relative abundance of boars is crucial prior to implementing any conservation measures. However, studies population central eastern Tianshan Mountains China are lacking. We assessed activity patterns these areas evaluated suitability using combination camera trapping, line transects, species modeling (maximum entropy model), hierarchical (Bayesian N‐mixture model). used 311 infrared cameras 280 field‐based transects cover approximately 31,000 km² from September 2022 May 2023 east‐central Mountains. 240 locations 13 environmental predictors development models. also counts associated model estimate boar. Wild were most active during crepuscular hours (1800), relatively diurnal period compared nocturnal period. The probability occurrence increased with higher normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), minimum temperature coldest month, annual temperatures below 39°C. Boars likely be found closed deciduous‐coniferous forests. was positively affected by NDVI negatively month range. Based our results, we suggest management priority. In particular, extensive intact substantial populations, such as Banfanggou, South Mountain Urumqi, Hutubi, should prioritized for long‐term monitoring so adverse impacts increasing study region can minimized.

Language: Английский

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Managing Invasive Wild Boars in Southern Brazil's Protected Areas: Challenges and Strategies

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Invasive species pose significant threats to ecosystems and biodiversity, necessitating effective management strategies mitigate their impacts. One such invasive of concern is the wild boar in Brazil, which has potential cause widespread environmental changes. A national plan for monitoring controlling species, including boar, was developed response this threat. Despite initiative, uncertainties persist regarding presence boars protected areas (PAs) effectiveness current actions. This study aimed diagnose situation within southern region specifically focusing on distribution, techniques employed, reasons lack action. An online questionnaire sent 297 PAs, with 134 responding. The findings revealed that were present 39 surveyed but efforts only being carried out 14 them. Cages corrals identified as most commonly used techniques, corn serving preferred bait. two primary action: boar's low invasion intensity capacity limitations. To address these challenges effectively, advocates a centralized organization actions emphasizes development materials resources support successful strategies. Implementing measures essential safeguarding conservation vulnerable Brazil's ensuring long-term resilience valuable ecological assets.

Language: Английский

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