The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1877 - 2013

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota–gut–brain communication

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 461 - 478

Published: May 23, 2019

Language: Английский

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Interactions between the microbiota, immune and nervous systems in health and disease

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 145 - 155

Published: Jan. 16, 2017

Language: Английский

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The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 623 - 632

Published: Feb. 4, 2019

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiota–brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 241 - 255

Published: Oct. 22, 2020

Language: Английский

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The Central Nervous System and the Gut Microbiome

Cell, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 167(4), P. 915 - 932

Published: Nov. 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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Neurotransmitter modulation by the gut microbiota

Brain Research, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 1693, P. 128 - 133

Published: June 11, 2018

Language: Английский

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The Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 133 - 148

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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The Human Gut Microbiome – A Potential Controller of Wellness and Disease

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Aug. 14, 2018

Interest toward the human microbiome, particularly gut microbiome has flourished in recent decades owing to rapidly advancing sequence-based screening and humanized gnotobiotic model interrogating dynamic operations of commensal microbiota. Although this field is still at a very preliminary stage, whereby functional properties complex remain less understood, several promising findings have been documented exhibit great potential revolutionizing disease etiology medical treatments. In review, interactions between microbiota host focused on, provide an overview role their unique metabolites conferring protection against invading pathogen, regulation diverse physiological functions including metabolism, development homeostasis immunity nervous system. We elaborate on how microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) may lead dysfunction machineries, thereby contributing pathogenesis and/or progression broad spectrum diseases. Some most notable diseases namely Clostridium difficile infection (infectious disease), inflammatory bowel (intestinal immune-mediated celiac (multisystemic autoimmune disorder), obesity (metabolic colorectal cancer, autism disorder (neuropsychiatric disorder) discussed delineated along with findings. Novel therapies derived from studies such as fecal transplantation, probiotic prebiotics target associated reviewed introduce idea certain symptoms can be ameliorated through dysbiosis correction, thus revealing new scientific approach treatment. Toward end research gaps limitations described suggested future overcome current lacunae. Despite ongoing debate whether plays above-mentioned diseases, we gathered evidence showing potentially far more link beyond unidirectional cause-and-effect relationship them.

Language: Английский

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Stress & the gut-brain axis: Regulation by the microbiome

Neurobiology of Stress, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 124 - 136

Published: March 19, 2017

The importance of the gut–brain axis in regulating stress-related responses has long been appreciated. More recently, microbiota emerged as a key player control this axis, especially during conditions stress provoked by real or perceived homeostatic challenge. Diet is one most important modifying factors microbiota-gut-brain axis. routes communication between and brain are slowly being unravelled, include vagus nerve, gut hormone signaling, immune system, tryptophan metabolism, microbial metabolites such short chain fatty acids. early life shaping later health outcomes also emerging. Results from preclinical studies indicate that alterations composition way antibiotic exposure, lack breastfeeding, birth Caesarean section, infection, other environmental influences - coupled with influence host genetics can result long-term modulation physiology behaviour. implicated variety including anxiety, depression irritable bowel syndrome, although largely based on animal correlative analysis patient populations. Additional research humans sorely needed to reveal relative impact causal contribution microbiome disorders. In regard, concept psychobiotics developed refined encompass methods targeting order positively mental outcomes. At 2016 Neurobiology Stress Workshop Newport Beach, CA, group experts presented symposium “The Microbiome: Development, Stress, Disease”. This report summarizes builds upon some concepts within context how might neurobiology stress.

Language: Английский

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