The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 31, 2020

A substantial body of evidence supports that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulation metabolic, endocrine and immune functions. In recent years, there has been growing recognition involvement modulation multiple neurochemical pathways through highly interconnected gut-brain axis. Although amazing scientific breakthroughs over last few years have expanded our knowledge on communication between microbes their hosts, underpinnings microbiota-gut-brain crosstalk remain to be determined. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), main metabolites produced colon by bacterial fermentation dietary fibers resistant starch, are speculated play key neuro-immunoendocrine regulation. However, underlying mechanisms which SCFAs might influence brain physiology behavior not fully elucidated. this review, we will outline current about interactions. We also highlight how development future treatments for central nervous system (CNS) disorders can take advantage intimate mutual interactions with exploring function.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiota–brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 241 - 255

Published: Oct. 22, 2020

Language: Английский

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SCFA: mechanisms and functional importance in the gut

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 80(1), P. 37 - 49

Published: April 2, 2020

In recent years, the importance of gut microbiota in human health has been revealed and many publications have highlighted its role as a key component physiology. Owing to use modern sequencing approaches, characterisation microbiome healthy individuals disease demonstrated disturbance microbiota, or dysbiosis, associated with pathological conditions. The establishes symbiotic crosstalk their host: commensal microbes benefit from nutrient-rich environment provided by produces hundreds proteins metabolites that modulate functions host, including nutrient processing, maintenance energy homoeostasis immune system development. Many bacteria-derived originate dietary sources. Among them, an important attributed derived bacterial fermentation fibres, namely SCFA linking host nutrition intestinal maintenance. are fuels for epithelial cells (IEC) regulate IEC through different mechanisms proliferation, differentiation well subpopulations such enteroendocrine cells, impact motility strengthen barrier metabolism. Recent findings show SCFA, particular butyrate, also immuno-modulatory functions. this review, we discuss on immunity consequently health.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbial metabolites as multi-kingdom intermediates

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 77 - 94

Published: Sept. 23, 2020

Language: Английский

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The Effect of Probiotics on the Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids by Human Intestinal Microbiome

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 1107 - 1107

Published: April 16, 2020

The relationship between diet and the diversity function of intestinal microbiome its importance for human health is currently subject many studies. type proportion microorganisms found in intestines can determine energy balance host. Intestinal perform important functions, one which participation metabolic processes, e.g., production short-chain fatty acids—SCFAs (also called volatile acids). These acids represent main carbon flow from to host microbiome. Maintaining necessary maintain host's normal prevent diseases. results studies confirm beneficial effect probiotic on produced metabolites, including SCFAs. aim this review summarize what known effects probiotics by gut microbes. In addition, mechanism formation properties these metabolites discussed verified test confirming effectiveness nutrition modulating SCFAs presented.

Language: Английский

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The Gut-Brain Axis: How Microbiota and Host Inflammasome Influence Brain Physiology and Pathology

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 10, 2020

The human microbiota has a fundamental role in host physiology and pathology. Gut microbial alteration, also known as dysbiosis, is condition associated not only with gastrointestinal disorders but diseases affecting other distal organs. Recently it became evident that the intestinal bacteria can affect central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. tract are communicating through bidirectional network of signaling pathways called gut-brain axis, which consists multiple connections, including vagus nerve, immune system, bacterial metabolites products. During these dysregulated altered permeability blood-brain barrier (BBB) neuroinflammation. However, numerous mechanisms behind impact gut neuro-development -pathogenesis remain poorly understood. There several involved CNS homeostasis Among those, inflammasome pathway been linked to neuroinflammatory conditions such sclerosis, Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s diseases, anxiety depressive-like disorders. complex assembles upon cell activation due exposure microbes, danger signals, or stress lead production pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β interleukin-18) pyroptosis. Evidences suggest there reciprocal influence brain. how this precisely working yet be discovered. Herein, we discuss status knowledge open questions field focusing on function products cells during healthy inflammatory conditions, neuropsychiatric In particular, focus innate mechanism certain microbes.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids: Implications in Glucose Homeostasis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1105 - 1105

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting trillions bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with the host, related metabolites have profound effects on human health. In this respect, gut plays pivotal role regulation metabolic, endocrine, immune functions. Bacterial include short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate (C2), propionate (C3), butyrate (C4), which are most abundant SCFAs body anions colon. made from fermentation dietary fiber resistant starch gut. They modulate several metabolic pathways involved obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes. Thus, diet might influence composition activity, production, effects. narrative review, we discuss relevant research focusing relationship between microbiota, SCFAs, glucose metabolism.

Language: Английский

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The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between gut microbiota and diet in cardio-metabolic health

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

The gut microbiota plays an important role in cardio-metabolic diseases with diet being among the strongest modulators of composition and function. Resistant dietary carbohydrates are fermented to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by bacteria. Fiber omega-3 rich diets increase SCFAs production abundance SCFA-producing Likewise, can improve barrier integrity, glucose, lipid metabolism, regulate immune system, inflammatory response, blood pressure. Therefore, targeting strategies leading increased SCFA may benefit health. In this review, we provide overview association between diet, produced diseases. We first discuss human diseases, then investigate finally explore beneficial effects specific interventions that outcomes through boosting production.

Language: Английский

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The Gut–Brain Axis

Annual Review of Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 73(1), P. 439 - 453

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

Preclinical evidence has firmly established bidirectional interactions among the brain, gut, and gut microbiome. Candidate signaling molecules at least three communication channels have been identified. Communication within this system is nonlinear, with multiple feedback loops, likely involves between different channels. Alterations in gut-brain-microbiome identified rodent models of several digestive, psychiatric, neurological disorders. While alterations gut-brain clearly irritable bowel syndrome, a causative role microbiome syndrome remains to be determined. In absence specific microbial targets for more effective therapies, current approaches are limited dietary interventions centrally targeted pharmacological behavioral approaches. A comprehensive understanding influences well-designed randomized controlled trials needed translate these exciting preclinical findings into therapies.

Language: Английский

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Short-Chain Fatty-Acid-Producing Bacteria: Key Components of the Human Gut Microbiota

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 2211 - 2211

Published: May 6, 2023

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a key role in health and disease, as they regulate gut homeostasis their deficiency is involved the pathogenesis of several disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, colorectal cancer, cardiometabolic disorders. SCFAs are metabolites specific bacterial taxa human microbiota, production influenced by foods or food supplements, mainly prebiotics, direct fostering these taxa. This Review provides an overview SCFAs’ roles functions, SCFA-producing bacteria, from microbiological characteristics taxonomy to biochemical process that lead release SCFAs. Moreover, we will describe potential therapeutic approaches boost levels treat different related diseases.

Language: Английский

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