Executive function, limbic circuit dynamics and repetitive and restricted behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Repetitive and restricted behaviors (RRBs) are a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but effective treatment approaches still lacking. Executive function (EF) has been identified as promising target, research increasingly shows link between EF deficits the occurrence RRBs. However, neural mechanisms that connect two remain unclear. Since orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays role in both RRBs, its functional connectivity dynamics could offer valuable insights into this relationship. This study analyzed data from Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) II database to explore brain 93 boys with ASD 110 typically developing (TD) boys. Time-varying was eight OFC subregions other areas. By employing linear regression, assessed how atypical influence Additionally, mediation analysis bootstrapping used determine mediates relationship We found significant differences variance FC TD groups, specifically subregion L-prefrontal left amygdala (t = 5.00, FDR q < 0.01). Regression analyses revealed increased significantly impacted inhibition, emotional control, monitor showing strong associations (standardized β 0.60 0.62, p 0.01), which also had indirect effects on above dynamic accounted for 59% total effect. highlights critical EFs key mechanism addressing RRBs ASD. Specifically, it points out mediate time-varying interactions within OFC-amygdala circuit

Language: Английский

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Prefrontal Blood Flow Activity During Drawing Intervention in School-Age Children with Autism: An fNIRS Hyperscanning Study

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 438 - 438

Published: April 24, 2025

Background/Objectives: Art-based interventions have been shown to enhance communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet their impact on prefrontal hemodynamics remains unclear. Methods: This study employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) examine hemoglobin oxygenation (HbO) changes the cortex of school-age ASD, providing empirical support for its therapeutic efficacy. Sixty age-matched participated a 9-week art therapy program, including twenty ASD and forty typically developing peers. Assessments included self-portrait drawing (SPD), Diagnostic Drawing Series (DDS), General Quality Life Inventory (GQOL-74). In addition, we performed fNIRS measurements participants observed HbO at rest while drawing. Results: The intervention significantly enhanced ability, emotional expression, cognitive skills, group outperforming controls. exhibited distinct connectivity patterns visual, motor, language-related regions, dorsolateral cortex, frontal eye field, Broca’s area. Task-based painting indirectly influenced lobe’s hemodynamic characteristics, indicating as an effective ASD.

Language: Английский

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Systematic Review of Executive Function Stimulation Methods in the ADHD Population

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(14), P. 4208 - 4208

Published: July 19, 2024

Background/Objectives: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental characterized by elevated motor activity, impulsivity, and attention deficit. Approximately 5% of the population suffers from this disorder. Among key explanations ADHD, executive functions play an important role in understanding symptomatology present determining main treatment strategies for affected patients. We systematic review that seeks to identify methods developed support individuals with ADHD. Methods: Articles were analyzed SCOPUS, PUBMED, Science Direct databases. Initially, 739 articles found. After applying inclusion exclusion criteria, 30 remained included data extraction process. Results: primary treatments identified, 14 studies propose psychological training functions, 9 recommend medication, 5 suggest digital interventions, 1 study advocates sports as beneficial functions. Conclusions: The are discussed around need develop new proposals enhance thereby improving their performance educational, personal, social, family activities impacted

Language: Английский

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Neurovascular Shifts, Sensory Sensitivity, and PMDD in Autistic Women: Exploring Blood Flow Redirection, Mood Dysregulation, and Pain Tolerance during Menstruation

Journal of Community Medicine and Health Solutions, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 062 - 068

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

This article examines the relationship between Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), neurovascular dynamics, and sensory sensitivities in autistic women during menstruation. The redirection of blood flow to uterus menstrual cycle has been found exacerbate cerebral perfusion deficits neurodivergent individuals, particularly Prefrontal Cortex (PFC), which contributes mood dysregulation emotional instability characteristic PMDD. Autistic women, who often exhibit heightened sensitivities, experience intensified discomfort menstruation, as overload altered pain perception compound challenges These findings emphasize need for neurodivergent-friendly products that mitigate both physical discomfort. Additionally, innovations using biodegradable materials, smart fabrics, custom-fit solutions are discussed potential breakthroughs improve quality life managing research highlights importance addressing neurobiological aspects when designing interventions PMDD populations.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Excutive Fuction in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 70 - 73

Published: Dec. 19, 2024

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental that imposes serious caregiving burden on society and families. Especially for children with early detection diagnosis of autism, more better treatment methods are needed to improve their daily living abilities quality life. The existing technological means mostly behavioral interventions, physical factors have not been used as routine treatments. There also few cases transcranial magnetic therapy applied younger ASD children. This case report describes 4-year-old child autism who only has developmental delays but executive dysfunction. Therefore, he received rehabilitation treatment. He continuously interventions increased high-frequency repetitive As result, it was found the quotient improved after treatment, especially in hand eye coordination area personal social area. At same time, children&apos;s control inhibition improved, GO test accuracy increased, reaction time shortened. However, there no significant change NOGO time. In conclusion, high frequency stimulation may function growth development ASD. We need conduct controlled trials objective evaluation future understand therapeutic efficacy mechanism autism.

Language: Английский

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