Viral Infections, Are They a Trigger and Risk Factor of Alzheimer’s Disease?

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 240 - 240

Published: March 8, 2024

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a progressive and debilitating condition, is reported to be the most common type of dementia, with at least 55 million people believed currently affected. Many causation hypotheses AD exist, yet intriguing link between viral infection its possible contribution known etiology has become an attractive focal point research for field challenging study task. In this review, we will explore historical perspective milestones that led investigate connection AD. Specifically, several viruses such as Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1), Zika virus (ZIKV), severe cute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), along others mentioned, include various presently considered within field. We delve into strong evidence implicating these in development lytic replication axonal transport HSV-1, mechanisms ZIKV neurotropism through human protein Musashi-1 (MSI1), spread SARS-CoV-2 transfer BBB endothelial cells glial then neurons via transsynaptic transfer. also beyond mere associations by carefully analyzing potential which may contribute pathology. This includes but not limited direct neuronal infections, dysregulation immune responses, impact on processing (Aβ42 hyperphosphorylated tau). Controversies challenges virus–AD relationship emerge tease out mechanisms. Looking forward, emphasize future directions, distinct questions proposed experimentations explore, should take tackle remaining unanswered glaring gaps persist. Overall, review aims provide comprehensive survey past, present, infections their association while encouraging further discussion.

Language: Английский

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Cholesterol metabolism: from lipidomics to immunology

Journal of Lipid Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 63(2), P. 100165 - 100165

Published: Dec. 22, 2021

Oxysterols, the oxidized forms of cholesterol or its precursors, are formed in first steps metabolism. Oxysterols have interested chemists, biologists, and physicians for many decades, but their exact biological relevance vivo, other than as intermediates bile acid biosynthesis, has long been debated. However, quarter this century, a role side-chain oxysterols C-7 metabolites convincingly established immune system. 25-Hydroxycholesterol shown to be synthesized by macrophages response activation Toll-like receptors offer protection against microbial pathogens, whereas 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol act chemoattractant lymphocytes expressing G protein-coupled receptor Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 important coordinating action B cells, T dendritic cells secondary lymphoid tissue. There is growing body evidence that not only these two also isomers importance proper function Here, we review recent findings related roles immunology.

Language: Английский

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Cytoprotective activities of representative nutrients from the Mediterranean diet and of Mediterranean oils against 7-ketocholesterol- and 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced cytotoxicity: Application to age-related diseases and civilization diseases

Steroids, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 187, P. 109093 - 109093

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Comparative metabolomic analysis of exudates of microcystin-producing and microcystin-free Microcystis aeruginosa strains

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs) dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa threaten the ecological integrity and beneficial uses of lakes globally. In addition to producing hepatotoxic microcystins (MC), M. exudates (MaE) contain various compounds with demonstrated toxicity aquatic biota. Previously, we found that ecotoxicity MaE differed between MC-producing MC-free strains at exponential (E-phase) stationary (S-phase) growth phases. However, components in these their specific effects were unclear. this study, performed untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry reveal constituents a strain both E-phase S-phase. A total 409 metabolites identified quantified relative abundance. These included lipids, organoheterocyclic compounds, organic acid, benzenoids oxygen compounds. Multivariate analysis revealed phases significantly influenced metabolite profile. The had greater abundance than S-phase, whereas released higher concentrations benzenoids, oxygen, nitrogen E-phase. Total S-phase E- phase strains. Analysis differential (DMs) pathways suggest lipids metabolism biosynthesis secondary more tightly coupled Abundance some toxic DMs one. This study builds understanding chemicals biotoxicity, adds evidence non-MC-producing cyanobacteria may also pose threat ecosystem health.

Language: Английский

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7β-Hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol: New oxidative stress biomarkers of sarcopenia inducing cytotoxic effects on myoblasts and myotubes

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 232, P. 106345 - 106345

Published: June 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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Dietary cholesterol oxidation products: Perspectives linking food processing and storage with health implications

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 738 - 779

Published: Dec. 25, 2021

Abstract Dietary cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) are heterogeneous compounds formed during the processing and storage of cholesterol‐rich foods, such as seafood, meat, eggs, dairy products. With increased intake COPs‐rich concern about health implications dietary COPs is rising. may exert deleterious effects on human to induce several inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, bowel diseases. Thus, knowledge regarding conditions leading formation needed reduce levels in foods. Efficient methodologies determine foods also essential. More importantly, biological roles phytochemicals COPs‐induced need be established. This review summarizes recent information their storage, analytical methods determination COPs, metabolic fate, for health, beneficial interventions by phytochemicals. The largely dependent heating temperature, time, food matrices. Alteration one potent strategies restrict hazardous from forming, maintaining relatively low temperatures, shorter or appropriate addition antioxidants. Once absorbed into circulation, can contribute progression where inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy cells target organs tissues. Improved an effective strategy COPs.

Language: Английский

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The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Lipid Metabolism—The Potential Use of Lipid-Lowering Agents in COVID-19 Management

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. 2320 - 2320

Published: Sept. 18, 2022

Several studies have indicated lipid metabolism alterations during COVID-19 infection, specifically a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density (LDL) concentrations an increase triglyceride (TG) levels the infection. However, decline triglycerides can also be observed critical cases. A direct correlation between serum cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C TGs, severity of disease; these laboratory findings serve as potential markers for patient outcomes. The transmission coronavirus increases proportionally with rising cholesterol cell membrane. This is due to fact that number viral entry spots concentration angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, crucial penetration. Studies found lower HDL-C correspond higher susceptibility SARS-CoV-2 infection infections general, while were related risk developing them. extremely high infectious diseases associated cardiovascular events. Low are already accepted marker stratification illnesses, prior death older patients. disease still unclear. TG significantly non-surviving severe patients compared those survived; therefore, elevated TG-C may considered indicator uncontrolled inflammation increased death.

Language: Английский

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Identification of a mechanism promoting mitochondrial sterol accumulation during myocardial ischemia–reperfusion: role of TSPO and STAR

Basic Research in Cardiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 119(3), P. 481 - 503

Published: March 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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Oxysterols in the Immune Response to Bacterial and Viral Infections

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 201 - 201

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Oxidized cholesterols, the so-called oxysterols, are widely known to regulate cholesterol homeostasis. However, more recently oxysterols have emerged as important lipid mediators in response both bacterial and viral infections. This review summarizes our current knowledge of selected their receptors control intracellular growth well entry into host cell replication. Lastly, we briefly discuss potential drug targets for infectious inflammatory diseases.

Language: Английский

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Protective effects of milk thistle (Sylibum marianum) seed oil and α-tocopherol against 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced peroxisomal alterations in murine C2C12 myoblasts: Nutritional insights associated with the concept of pexotherapy

Steroids, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 183, P. 109032 - 109032

Published: April 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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