Methodologies to Isolate and Purify Clinical Grade Extracellular Vesicles for Medical Applications

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 186 - 186

Published: Jan. 6, 2022

The use of extracellular vesicles (EV) in nano drug delivery has been demonstrated many previous studies. In this study, we discuss the sources vesicles, including plant, salivary and urinary which are easily available but less sought after compared with blood tissue. Extensive research past decade established that breadth EV applications is wide. However, efforts on standardizing isolation purification methods have not brought us to a point can match potential for clinical use. standardization open doors researchers clinicians alike experiment proposed uses lesser concerns regarding untraceable side effects. It make it easier identify mechanism therapeutic benefits track any unforeseen effects observed.

Language: Английский

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Beyond Macromolecules: Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of Inflammatory Diseases

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(15), P. 1963 - 1963

Published: July 29, 2023

Inflammation is the defense mechanism of immune system against harmful stimuli such as pathogens, toxic compounds, damaged cells, radiation, etc., and characterized by tissue redness, swelling, heat generation, pain, loss functions. essential in recruitment cells at site infection, which not only aids elimination cause, but also initiates healing process. However, prolonged inflammation often brings about several chronic inflammatory disorders; hence, a balance between pro- anti-inflammatory responses order to eliminate cause while producing least damage host. A growing body evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play major role cell–cell communication via transfer bioactive molecules form proteins, lipids, DNA, RNAs, miRNAs, cells. The present review provides brief classification EVs followed detailed description how contribute pathogenesis various inflammation-associated diseases their implications therapeutic measure. latter part highlights act bridging entity blood coagulation disorders associated inflammation. findings illustrated may open new window target EV-associated responses, thereby minimizing negative outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Role of CD9 Sensing, AI, and Exosomes in Cellular Communication of Cancer

International Journal of Stem cell Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: July 7, 2023

Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles that released by various types of cells, including cancer and play a role in intercellular communication. CD9 is protein involved cell signaling adhesion. It found on the surface has been implicated communication between cells their microenvironment. contain bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids. have shown to communication, they progression cancer. There evidence suggest packaging release exosomes cells. be important for formation tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) exosomes. These TEMs thought sorting specific molecules into In summary, appears an microenvironment via The precise mechanisms which mediates this still being investigated, but involvement exosome uptake suggests it may promising target development novel therapies. Furthermore, recipient For example, studies CD9-positive can taken up other leading transfer oncogenic promotion progression.

Language: Английский

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N-Glycome Profile of the Spike Protein S1: Systemic and Comparative Analysis from Eleven Variants of SARS-CoV-2

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1421 - 1421

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 virus rapidly spread worldwide, threatening public health. Since it emerged, the scientific community has been engaged in development of effective therapeutics and vaccines. subunit S1 spike protein mediates viral entry into host is therefore one major research targets. extensively glycosylated, there compelling evidence that glycans protect virus’ active site from human defense system. Therefore, investigation glycome alterations different variants will provide a view glycan evolution its relationship with pathogenesis. In this study, we explored N-glycosylation expression for eleven variants: five concern (VOC), including alpha, beta, gamma, delta, omicron, six interest (VOI), epsilon, eta, iota, lambda, kappa, mu. results showed significant differences N-glycome abundance all variants. VOC large increase sialofucosylated glycans, greatest omicron variant. contrast, fucosylated most VOI. Two compositions, GlcNAc4,Hex5,Fuc,NeuAc (4-5-1-1) GlcNAc6,Hex8,Fuc,NeuAc (6-8-1-1), were abundant structures across We believe our data contribute to understanding protein’s structural between mutations.

Language: Английский

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Wastewater-Based Epidemiology: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Different Stages of Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Santa Fe, Argentina

Water Air & Soil Pollution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 233(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Predicting the number of COVID-19 infections and deaths in USA

Globalization and Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: March 28, 2022

Uncertainties surrounding the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) remain a major global health challenge and requires attention. Researchers medical experts have made remarkable efforts to reduce number of cases prevent future outbreaks through vaccines other measures. However, there is little evidence on how severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection entropy can be applied in predicting possible infections deaths. In addition, more studies COVID-19 density contributes rise are needed. This study demonstrates SARS-COV-2 daily within given period. population attributes an increase and, consequently, new variants.

Language: Английский

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A Long-Running Arms Race between APOBEC1 Genes and Retroviruses in Tetrapods

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 97(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

APOBEC3 ( A3 ) genes have been thought to function in defense against retroviruses, whereas the evolutionary significance of A1 proteins antiviral remains largely obscure. In this study, we identify gene repertoire, characterize A1-mediated mutation footprints endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), and explore arms race between ERVs across vertebrate species.

Language: Английский

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