BNT162b vaccines protect rhesus macaques from SARS-CoV-2

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 592(7853), P. 283 - 289

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Persistence of SARS CoV-2 S1 Protein in CD16+ Monocytes in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) up to 15 Months Post-Infection

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

The recent COVID-19 pandemic is a treatment challenge in the acute infection stage but recognition of chronic symptoms termed post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) may affect up to 30% all infected individuals. underlying mechanism and source this distinct immunologic condition three months or more after initial remains elusive. Here, we investigated presence S1 protein 46 We analyzed T-cell, B-cell, monocytic subsets both severe patients with (PASC). levels intermediate (CD14+, CD16+) non-classical monocyte (CD14Lo, were significantly elevated PASC 15 compared healthy controls (P=0.002 P=0.01, respectively). A statistically significant number monocytes contained (P=0.004) (P=0.02) out post-infection. Non-classical sorted from using flow cytometric sorting was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Cells 4 11 1 26 ddPCR+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells, however, only fragmented RNA found patients. No full length sequences identified, no that could account for observed identified any patient. That be inflammation warrants further study.

Language: Английский

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Chemokines and chemokine receptors during COVID-19 infection

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19, P. 976 - 988

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Chemokines are crucial inflammatory mediators needed during an immune response to clear pathogens. However, their excessive release is the main cause of hyperinflammation. In recent COVID-19 outbreak, chemokines may be direct acute respiratory disease syndrome, a major complication leading death in about 40% severe cases. Several clinical investigations revealed that directly involved different stages SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we review role and receptors pathogenesis better understand immunopathology which aid developing possible therapeutic targets for

Language: Английский

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2–Induced Immune Activation and Death of Monocyte-Derived Human Macrophages and Dendritic Cells

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 223(5), P. 785 - 795

Published: Dec. 2, 2020

Abstract Studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–infected patients and experimentally infected animals indicate a critical role for augmented expression proinflammatory chemokines cytokines in disease. Here, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) dendritic cells was abortive, but induced the production multiple antiviral (interferon-α, interferon-β, tumor necrosis factor, interleukins 1β, 6, 10) chemokine (CXCL10). Despite lack efficient replication MDMs, profound interferon-mediated cell death host cells. Macrophage activation were not enhanced by exposure to low levels convalescent plasma, suggesting antibody-dependent enhancement does contribute death. Together, these results potentially plays major disease 2019 pathogenesis, even absence productive infection.

Language: Английский

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JAK-STAT Pathway Inhibition and their Implications in COVID-19 Therapy

Postgraduate Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 133(5), P. 489 - 507

Published: Nov. 27, 2020

As the incidence of COVID-19 increases with time, more and efforts are made to pave a way out for therapeutic strategies deal disease progression. Inflammation being significant influencer in patients, it drives our focus onto signaling cascades JAK/STAT pathway. JAK phosphorylation mediated by cytokine receptor activation leads STATs that translocate into nucleus translate inflammatory mediators. The SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins like spike, nucleocapsid, membrane envelope along non- 1-16 including proteases 3CL pro PLpro promote its entry survival hosts. infection triggers inflammation via pathway leading recruitment pneumocytes, endothelial cells, macrophages, monocytes, lymphocytes, natural killer cells dendritic progressing towards storm. This produces various markers host determine severity. also mediates immune responses B cell T differentiation.With an attempt reduce excessive inflammation, inhibitors Ruxolitinib, Baricitinib, Tofacitinib have been employed mediate actions suppressors signaling, inducible SH2 containing protein, Protein inhibitor activated STAT protein tyrosine phosphatases. Even though they implicated multiple adverse effects, regulatory authorities supported use, numerous clinical trials progress prove their safety efficacy. On contrary, exact mechanism inhibition at molecular levels remains speculative which further investigations required.

Language: Английский

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Monocytes and macrophages in COVID-19: Friends and foes

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 269, P. 119010 - 119010

Published: Jan. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Complete blood count alterations in COVID-19 patients

Biochemia Medica, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(3), P. 403 - 415

Published: Oct. 13, 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a scientific and social crisis. One of the main unmet needs for coronavirus is its unpredictable clinical course, which can rapidly change in an irreversible outcome. COVID-19 patients be classified into mild, moderate, severe. Several haematological parameters, such as platelets, white blood cell total count, lymphocytes, neutrophils, (together with neutrophil-lymphocyte platelet-lymphocyte ratio), haemoglobin were described to associated infection severity. The purpose these review describe current state art about complete count alterations during infection, summarize crucial role some parameters course disease. Decreased platelet, lymphocyte, haemoglobin, eosinophil, basophil increased neutrophil ratio have been worse Our study adds novelty identification effective biomarkers progressive disease, might helpful diagnosis, prevention complications, therapy.

Language: Английский

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A Detailed Overview of Immune Escape, Antibody Escape, Partial Vaccine Escape of SARS-CoV-2 and Their Emerging Variants With Escape Mutations

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 9, 2022

The infective SARS-CoV-2 is more prone to immune escape. Presently, the significant variants of are emerging in due course time with substantial mutations, having escape property. Simultaneously, vaccination drive against this virus progress worldwide. However, vaccine evasion has been noted by some newly variants. Our review provides an overview variants' and ability. We have illustrated a broad view related viral evolution, variants, Subsequently, different approaches discussed. Different innate strategies adopted discussed like, IFN-I production dysregulation, cytokines escape, associated dendritic cell function macrophages, natural killer cells neutrophils PRRs evasion, NLRP3 inflammasome evasion. Simultaneously we mutations such as RBD region (N439K, L452R, E484K, N501Y, K444R) other parts (D614G, P681R) S-glycoprotein. Mutations locations NSP1, NSP3, NSP6, ORF3, ORF8 also Finally, partial (BioNTech/Pfizer mRNA/Oxford-AstraZeneca/BBIBP-CorV/ZF2001/Moderna mRNA/Johnson & Johnson vaccine) This will help gain in-depth knowledge antibody ability assist controlling current pandemic prepare for next.

Language: Английский

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The SARS-Coronavirus Infection Cycle: A Survey of Viral Membrane Proteins, Their Functional Interactions and Pathogenesis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. 1308 - 1308

Published: Jan. 28, 2021

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel epidemic strain of Betacoronavirus that responsible for the current viral pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), global health crisis. Other Betacoronaviruses include 2003 SARS-CoV-1 and 2009 Middle East Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), genomes which, particularly SARS-CoV-1, are similar to SARS-CoV-2. In this extensive review, we document most recent information on proteins, with emphasis membrane proteins in Coronaviridae family. We their structures, functions, participation pathogenesis. While shared among different coronaviruses may vary structure function, they all seem be multifunctional, common theme interconnecting these viruses. Many transmembrane encoded within SARS-CoV-2 genome play important roles infection cycle while others have functions yet understood. compare various structural nonstructural family elucidate potential overlaps parallels focusing primarily influences host arrangements, secretory pathways, cellular growth inhibition, cell death immune responses during replication cycle. also offer bioinformatic analyses viroporin activities sequence similarities Envelope (E) protein. last major part discuss complement, stimulation inflammation, evasion/suppression leads CoV-derived severe mortality. The overall pathogenesis progression CoVs put into perspective by indicating several stages resulting process which both antiviral therapies could targeted block Lastly, development adaptive immunity against specific vulnerable regions proteins. CoV vaccine approaches purified attenuated viruses DNA vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Update Advances on C-Reactive Protein in COVID-19 and Other Viral Infections

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 10, 2021

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can manifest as a viral-induced hyperinflammation with multiorgan dysfunction. It has been documented that severe COVID-19 is associated higher levels of inflammatory mediators than mild disease, and tracking these markers may allow early identification or even prediction progression. well known C-reactive protein (CRP) the acute-phase active regulator host innate immunity, which highly predictive need for mechanical ventilation guide escalation treatment COVID-19-related uncontrolled inflammation. There are numerous causes an elevated CRP, including acute chronic responses, be infectious non-infectious in etiology. CRP normally lacking viral infections, while adaptive immunity appears to essential virus clearance, macrophage activation syndrome explain high serum contents contribute Nevertheless, assessment status infection other pathologies, such bacterial sepsis, proteins, procalcitonin, provide more important information guiding clinical diagnosis antibiotic therapy. This review aimed highlight current most recent studies regard significance illnesses, update advances on implication its form specifically pathogenesis diseases. The progressive understanding areas translated into promising measures prevent outcomes mitigate appropriate modalities critical infections.

Language: Английский

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