Autophagy, Oxidative Stress, and Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Potential Clinical Applications

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1425 - 1425

Published: July 14, 2023

Ethanol consumption triggers oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) through its metabolites. This process leads to steatosis and liver inflammation, which are critical for the development of alcoholic disease (ALD). Autophagy is a regulated dynamic that sequesters damaged excess cytoplasmic organelles lysosomal degradation may counteract harmful effects ROS-induced stress. These include hepatotoxicity, mitochondrial damage, steatosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, iron overload. In diseases, particularly ALD, macroautophagy has been implicated as protective mechanism in hepatocytes, although it does not appear play same role stellate cells. Beyond liver, autophagy also mitigate alcohol on other organs, thereby providing an additional layer protection against ALD. potential further supported studies showing drugs interact with autophagy, such rapamycin, can prevent ALD animal models. systematic review presents comprehensive analysis literature, focusing regulation, involvement organ-organ crosstalk relevant autophagy-targeting therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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The polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via modulating gut microbiota and bile acids metabolism

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 246, P. 125662 - 125662

Published: July 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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The clinical and mechanistic roles of bile acids in depression, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke

PROTEOMICS, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(15-16)

Published: June 22, 2022

The burden of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders continues to grow with significant impacts on human health social economy worldwide. Increasing clinical preclinical evidences have implicated that bile acids (BAs) are involved in the onset progression diseases. Here, we summarized recent studies BAs three types highly prevalent brain disorders, depression, Alzheimer's disease, stroke. shared specific BA profiles were explored potential markers associated disease development summarized. mechanistic roles reviewed focuses inflammation, gut-brain-microbiota axis, cellular apoptosis. We also discussed future perspectives for prevention treatment by targeting related molecules gut microbiota. Our understanding their is still evolving. A large number questions need be addressed emerging crosstalk among central, peripheral, intestine, contribution mental health.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota as an Endocrine Organ: Unveiling Its Role in Human Physiology and Health

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(20), P. 9383 - 9383

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

The gut microbiota, recognised for its vital functions in host health, operates as an endocrine organ, exerting systemic effects beyond the gastrointestinal tract. This “virtual organ” produces hormones that influence distal organs, including brain. With diverse microbial composition, microbiota surpasses biochemical complexity of traditional generating neurotransmitters like GABA, dopamine, and serotonin. Despite challenges culturing bacteria, advances research methodologies have elucidated their role behaviour, metabolism, appetite, insulin resistance. As endocrinology continues to evolve, further exploration intricate connections between microbiome are anticipated, highlighting hormones’ pivotal dynamic host–microbiota relationship.

Language: Английский

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Effect of lotus seed resistant starch on small intestinal flora and bile acids in hyperlipidemic rats

Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 404, P. 134599 - 134599

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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Unlocking gut-liver-brain axis communication metabolites: energy metabolism, immunity and barriers

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Nov. 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Comparative metabolomic analysis in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of humans and in plasma and brain of mice following antidepressant-dose ketamine administration

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: May 2, 2022

Subanesthetic-dose racemic (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) produces rapid, robust, and sustained antidepressant effects in major depressive disorder (MDD) bipolar (BD) has also been shown to effectively treat neuropathic pain, complex regional pain syndrome, post-traumatic stress (PTSD). However, date, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Preclinical studies found that (2 R,6 R;2 S,6 S)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK), a circulating metabolite ketamine, elicits similar those ketamine. To help determine how R)-HNK contributes ketamine's action, an exploratory, targeted, metabolomic analysis was carried out on plasma CSF nine healthy volunteers receiving 40-minute ketamine infusion (0.5 mg/kg). A parallel targeted plasma, hippocampus, hypothalamus mice either 10 mg/kg R)-HNK, or saline. Ketamine both affected multiple pathways associated with inflammatory conditions. In addition, several changes were unique the human and/or mouse arm study, indicating different may be differentially involved humans. Mechanisms consistently underlie across metabolome study included LAT1, IDO1, NAD+, nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway, sphingolipid rheostat.

Language: Английский

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Spaceflight alters host-gut microbiota interactions

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

The ISS rodent habitat has provided crucial insights into the impact of spaceflight on mammals, inducing symptoms characteristic liver disease, insulin resistance, osteopenia, and myopathy. Although these physiological responses can involve microbiome Earth, host-microbiota interactions during are still being elucidated. We explore murine gut microbiota host gene expression in colon after 29 56 days using multiomics. Metagenomics revealed significant changes 44 species, including relative reductions bile acid butyrate metabolising bacteria like Extibacter muris Dysosmobacter welbionis. Functional prediction indicate over-representation fatty metabolism, extracellular matrix interactions, antibiotic resistance genes. Host described corresponding to energy immune suppression. These imply that at host-gut interface contribute pathology might critically influence human health long-duration feasibility.

Language: Английский

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Post-Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) Hepatic Encephalopathy—A Review of the Past Decade’s Literature Focusing on Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prophylaxis

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 14 - 14

Published: Dec. 19, 2023

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an established treatment for portal hypertension and its’ complications in liver cirrhosis, yet the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) remains a significant concern. This review covers reported incidence, risk factors, management strategies post-TIPS HE over past decade. Incidence varies widely (7–61%), with factors like age, function, hyponatremia, spontaneous shunts influencing risk. Procedural aspects, including TIPS timing, indication, stent characteristics, also contribute. Pharmacological prophylaxis lactulose rifaximin shows promise, but current evidence inconclusive. preventive measures, such as embolization monitoring pressure gradients, are explored. Treatment involves pharmacological options rifaximin, procedural interventions diameter reduction. Ongoing studies on novel predictive markers emerging treatments, faecal microbiota transplant, reflect evolving landscape management. concise provides clinicians insights into multifaceted nature HE, aiding improved assessment, prophylaxis, patients undergoing procedures.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Metabolite Messengers in Brain Function and Pathology at a View of Cell Type-Based Receptor and Enzyme Reaction

Biomolecules & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(4), P. 403 - 423

Published: June 20, 2024

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract houses a diverse microbial community, known as the gut microbiome comprising bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.The plays crucial role in maintaining body's equilibrium has recently been discovered to influence functioning of central nervous system (CNS).The communication between GI occurs through two-way network called gut-brain axis.The can modulate each other activated neuronal cells, immune system, metabolites produced by microbiome.Extensive research both preclinical clinical realms, highlighted complex relationship diseases associated with CNS, such Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This review aims delineate receptor target enzymes linked microbiota explore their specific roles within brain, particularly impact on CNS-related diseases.

Language: Английский

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