Bile acid modulation by gut microbiota: A bridge to understanding cognitive health

Annals of Medicine and Surgery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 86(9), P. 5410 - 5415

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

The gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating the body's physiological system, and more recently its impact on bile acid metabolism cognitive function has been investigated by many studies. In addition to their conventional fat digestion absorption, acids are now considered crucial signaling molecules that control several metabolic processes immunological responses. For this purpose, authors conducted comprehensive research using relevant terms attempt understand about health. gut-brain axis refers network of routes through which bacteria communicate with brain. Through capacity bio-transform primary into secondary acids, a significant metabolism. Bile as act brain nuclear membrane-bound receptors, influencing neurotransmitter production, neuroinflammation, neuroplasticity modify communication. Any dysregulation can result dysfunction. link between microbiota, health cannot be ignored. It is imperative explore further conducting large-scale trials improve patients multiple comorbidities, especially those involving gastrointestinal tract nervous system.

Language: Английский

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Misinterpreting Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Diarrhea: Pathophysiological Highlights

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(18), P. 5787 - 5787

Published: Sept. 5, 2023

Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D) and functional (FD) are disorders of gut–brain interaction characterized by recurring symptoms which have a serious impact on the patient’s quality life. Their pathophysiology is far from being completely understood. In IBS-D growing evidence suggests that bile acid malabsorption (BAM) could be present in up to 30% patients. Microscopic colitis (MC) well-known cause watery some patients, at first, can diagnosed as or FD. Both BAM MC often responsible for lack response conventional treatments patients labelled “refractory”. Moreover, because not mutually exclusive, found same patient, they should always considered diagnostic workout when specific treatment unsatisfactory. review possible shared pathogenetic mechanisms between discussed highlighting how induce secondary BAM. brief overview current literature regarding prevalence their association provided.

Language: Английский

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Antibiotic-mediated dysbiosis leads to activation of inflammatory pathways

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in influencing host health, through the production of metabolites and other key signalling molecules. While impact specific or taxa on cells is well-documented, broader disrupted immune homeostasis less understood, which particularly important context increasing overuse antibiotics. Female C57BL/6 mice were gavaged twice daily for four weeks with Vancomycin, Polymyxin B, PBS (control). Caecal composition was assessed via 16S rRNA sequencing caecal quantified NMR spectroscopy. Immune profiles spleen mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) by flow cytometry, splenocytes ex vivo cytokine production. A generalised additive model approach used to examine relationship between global antibiotic consumption IBD incidence. Antibiotics significantly altered composition, reducing alpha-diversity. Acetate butyrate reduced groups, while propionate succinate increased Vancomycin PmB-treated mice, respectively. MLNs showed changes only DC numbers. Splenocytes from antibiotic-treated stimulated exhibited TNF. Epidemiological analysis revealed positive correlation Our findings demonstrate that antibiotic-mediated dysbiosis results short-chain fatty acid levels but at steady state mostly preserved. Non-specific activation vivo, however, perturbed had elevated Thus, this highlights disruption may program towards dysregulated responses, predisposing development TNF-associated autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease.

Language: Английский

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Research Progress on Anti-Hyperlipidemia Peptides Derived from Foods

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(7), P. 1181 - 1181

Published: March 28, 2025

Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder in which cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TGs) the blood exceed normal physiological levels. The incidence of condition has continued to rise recent years, posing serious threat public health. Its clinical treatment mainly relies on drug interventions, such as statins, fibrate, niacin. Although these drugs have shown some efficacy hyperlipidemia, their adverse effects cannot be ignored. In contrast, naturally derived peptides gradually become potential candidates for prevention hyperlipidemia due strong anti-hyperlipidemic activity safety; examples include those from dairy products, grains, legumes, seafood. This review systematically summarizes with analyzes mechanisms action, providing theoretical basis further research. addition, we also outline challenges facing application peptides, hoping prevent reduce its by encouraging consumption foods rich anti-hyperlipidemia peptides.

Language: Английский

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Gut-immune-brain interactions during neurodevelopment: from a brain-centric to a multisystem perspective

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: May 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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Liver Steatosis and Steatohepatitis Alter Bile Acid Receptors in Brain and Induce Neuroinflammation: A Contribution of Circulating Bile Acids and Blood-Brain Barrier

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(22), P. 14254 - 14254

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

A tight relationship between gut-liver diseases and brain functions has recently emerged. Bile acid (BA) receptors, bacterial-derived molecules the blood-brain barrier (BBB) play key roles in this association. This study was aimed to evaluate how non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) steatohepatitis (NASH) impact BA receptors Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) Takeda G-protein coupled 5 (TGR5) expression correlate these effects with circulating BAs composition, BBB integrity neuroinflammation. mouse model of NAFLD set up by a high-fat sugar diet, NASH induced supplementation dextran-sulfate-sodium (DSS) drinking water. FXR, TGR5 ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) detected immunohistochemistry, while Zonula occludens (ZO)-1, Occludin Plasmalemmal Vesicle Associated Protein-1 (PV-1) were analyzed immunofluorescence. Biochemical analyses investigated serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) S100β (S100β) levels. Results showed down-regulation FXR an up-regulation Iba-1 cortex hippocampus both treated groups as compared control group. The composition altered groups, LBP significantly augmented NASH. ZO-1 attenuated capillary endothelial cells versus We demonstrated that provoke different grades dysfunction, which are characterized TGR5, activation microglia. These somewhat promoted modification increase concur damage BBB, thus favoring

Language: Английский

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Microbial transformations of bile acids and their receptors in the regulation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Liver Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 165 - 176

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Bile acids (BAs) play important roles in the digestion of dietary fats and molecular signal transduction, modulation BA composition usually affects progression metabolic diseases. While liver produces primary BAs, gut microbiota modifies these products into various forms that greatly increase their diversity biological functions. Mechanistically, BAs can regulate own metabolism transport as well other key aspects processes via dedicated receptors. Disruption homeostasis leads to diseases, including dysfunction-associated steatotic disease (MASLD) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we summarize microbial transformations downstream signaling development diseases present new insights novel therapeutic strategies targeting pathways may contribute

Language: Английский

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Further evidence for blood-to-brain influx of unconjugated bile acids by passive diffusion: Determination of their brain-to-serum concentration ratios in rats by LC/MS/MS

Steroids, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 204, P. 109397 - 109397

Published: March 18, 2024

Bile acids (BAs) reside in the brain and are probably involved some neurological disorders. The view that most of unconjugated BAs derived across blood-brain barrier from periphery by passive diffusion depending on their hydrophobicity is currently dominant, but studies have made conflicting claims. In this study, correlation analysis between rat serum levels with a wider range was conducted to obtain further evidence about blood-to-brain influx diffusion. We first developed precise, accurate matrix effect-free LC/ESI-MS/MS methods for quantifying eight major serum. Derivatization employed increasing assay sensitivity specificity. using these reproduced strong positive correlations levels, significant higher concentrations than all BAs. BA logP

Language: Английский

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Sleep deprivation-induced shifts in gut microbiota: Implications for neurological disorders

Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 565, P. 99 - 116

Published: Nov. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Bile Acids Induce Behavioral and Olfactory Electrophysiological Responses in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

Fishes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 26 - 26

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

Chemical cues and pheromones mediate fish reproduction, aggregation, risk assessment, kin recognition. To better understand the chemical communication of conspecific fish, behavioral responses to bile acids (BAs), their source, reception investigated in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Behavioral experimental results indicated that juvenile were attracted intestinal contents (ICs) emanating from conspecifics, regardless whether feeding. IC BA-targeted metabolomics revealed cholic acid (CA), taurocholic (TCA), taurochenodeoxycholic (TCDCA), chenodeoxycholic (CDCA), taurodeoxycholic (TDCA) top five categories. Tests with without fasting yielded similar categories proportions BAs, indicating BA profiles generally stable. At nanomolar level, CA led significant preference behavior (p < 0.01). The electrophysiological supported hypothesis BAs potent odorants L. crocea. Moreover, inhibition adenylate cyclase–cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AC–cAMP) signaling phospholipase C (PLC) reduced electro-olfactogram (EOG) CDCA. Collectively, findings this study indicate individuals could be by ICs unrelated As a key BA, behaviors olfactory relying on cAMP PLC transduction cascades.

Language: Английский

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