Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low-Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 321 - 446

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to content, full PDF via the 'Save PDF' action button.

Language: Английский

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The impact of channel deepening and dredging on estuarine sediment concentration

Continental Shelf Research, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 95, P. 1 - 14

Published: Jan. 3, 2015

Many estuaries worldwide are becoming more urbanised with heavier traffic in the waterways, requiring continuous channel deepening and larger ports, increasing suspended sediment concentration (SSC). An example of a heavily impacted estuary where SSC levels rising is Ems Estuary, located between Netherlands Germany. In order to provide ships access three ports shipyard, tidal channels Estuary have been substantially deepened by dredging over past decades. This has led amplification hyper concentrated conditions upstream river. middle outer reaches limited, mechanisms responsible for poorly understood. Most likely, port lead because resulting enhanced siltation rates therefore an increase maintenance dredging. Additionally, may up-estuary transport due salinity-induced estuarine circulation. The effect construction on investigated using numerical model forced tides, waves salinity. satisfactorily reproduces observed water levels, velocity, deposition estuary, subsequently applied test impact deepening, historical strategy SSCs Estuary. These scenarios suggest that: (1) appears be main factor enhancing sediments up-estuary, increased salinity-driven circulation; (2) extraction strategies from large SSC; (3) disposal influences spatial distribution but limited average levels.

Language: Английский

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Catchment to sea connection: Impacts of terrestrial run-off on benthic ecosystems in American Samoa

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 169, P. 112530 - 112530

Published: June 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low-Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 321 - 446

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to content, full PDF via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Language: Английский

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Operationalizing resilience for adaptive coral reef management under global environmental change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 48 - 61

Published: Sept. 5, 2014

Abstract Cumulative pressures from global climate and ocean change combined with multiple regional local‐scale stressors pose fundamental challenges to coral reef managers worldwide. Understanding how cumulative affect vulnerability is critical for successful conservation now in the future. In this review, we present case that strategically managing increased ecological resilience (capacity stress resistance recovery) can reduce (risk of net decline) up a point. Specifically, propose an operational framework identifying effective management levers enhance support decisions vulnerability. Building on system understanding biological processes drive reefs different environmental socio‐economic settings, Adaptive Resilience‐Based ( ARBM ) suggest set guidelines where be enhanced via interventions. We argue press‐type (pollution, sedimentation, overfishing, warming acidification) are key threats by affecting underpinning recovery, while pulse‐type (acute) (e.g. storms, bleaching events, crown‐of‐thorns starfish outbreaks) increase demand resilience. apply example problems Caribbean Indo‐Pacific reefs. A strategy active risk reduction needed, informed objectives, knowledge ecosystem consideration social drivers. As acidification erode globally, adaptive will become increasingly difficult. Given limited resources, on‐the‐ground solutions likely focus actions at finer spatial scales, tightly linked goods services.

Language: Английский

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Hard Structures for Coastal Protection, Towards Greener Designs

Estuaries and Coasts, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 42(7), P. 1709 - 1729

Published: April 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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Urban coral reefs: Degradation and resilience of hard coral assemblages in coastal cities of East and Southeast Asia

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 135, P. 654 - 681

Published: Aug. 1, 2018

Given predicted increases in urbanization tropical and subtropical regions, understanding the processes shaping urban coral reefs may be essential for anticipating future conservation challenges. We used a case study approach to identify unifying patterns of clarify effects on hard assemblages. Data were compiled from 11 cities throughout East Southeast Asia, with particular focus Singapore, Jakarta, Hong Kong, Naha (Okinawa). Our review highlights several key characteristics reefs, including "reef compression" (a decline bathymetric range increasing turbidity decreasing water clarity over time relative shore), dominance by domed growth forms low reef complexity, variable city-specific inshore-offshore gradients, early declines cover recent fluctuating periods acute impacts rapid recovery, colonization infrastructure corals. present hypotheses community dynamics discuss potential ecological engineering corals areas.

Language: Английский

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Towards an urban marine ecology: characterizing the drivers, patterns and processes of marine ecosystems in coastal cities

Oikos, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 128(9), P. 1215 - 1242

Published: May 8, 2019

Human population density within 100 km of the sea is approximately three times higher than global average. People in this zone are concentrated coastal cities that hubs for transport and trade – which transform marine environment. Here, we review impacts interacting drivers urbanization (resource exploitation, pollution pathways ocean sprawl) discuss key characteristics symptomatic urban ecosystems. Current evidence suggests these systems comprise spatially heterogeneous mosaics with respect to artificial structures, pollutants community composition, while also undergoing biotic homogenization over time. Urban ecosystem dynamics often influenced by several commonly observed patterns processes, including loss foundation species, changes biodiversity productivity, establishment ruderal synanthropes novel assemblages. We potential acclimatization adaptation among taxa, interactive effects climate change urbanization, ecological engineering strategies enhancing By assimilating research findings across disparate disciplines, aim build groundwork ecology a nascent field; challenges future directions new field as it advances matures. Ultimately, all sides city design: architecture, planning civil municipal engineering, will need prioritize environment if negative be minimized. In particular, account accommodate complex system could enhance human functions

Language: Английский

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Coral mucus fuels the sponge loop in warm- and cold-water coral reef ecosystems

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Jan. 7, 2016

Abstract Shallow warm-water and deep-sea cold-water corals engineer the coral reef framework fertilize communities by releasing mucus, a source of dissolved organic matter (DOM). By transforming DOM into particulate detritus, sponges play key role in transferring energy nutrients to higher trophic levels on Caribbean reefs via so-called sponge loop. Coral mucus may be major for loop, but uptake has not been demonstrated. Here we used laboratory stable isotope tracer experiments show transfer bulk tissue phospholipid fatty acids Mycale fistulifera Hymedesmia coriacea , demonstrating direct link between sponges. Furthermore, 21–40% carbon 32–39% nitrogen assimilated was subsequently released as confirming loop Red Sea north Atlantic reefs. The presence two vastly different environments suggests it is ubiquitous feature ecosystems contributing high biogeochemical cycling that enable thrive nutrient-limited (warm-water) energy-limited (cold-water) environments.

Language: Английский

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The future of resilience-based management in coral reef ecosystems

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 233, P. 291 - 301

Published: Dec. 21, 2018

Resilience underpins the sustainability of both ecological and social systems. Extensive loss reef corals following recent mass bleaching events have challenged notion that support system resilience is a viable management strategy. While resilience-based (RBM) cannot prevent damaging effects major disturbances, such as events, it can natural processes promote resistance recovery. Here, we review potential RBM to help sustain coral reefs in 21st century. We explore scope for supporting through existing approaches emerging technologies discuss their opportunities limitations changing climate. argue be effective world, strategies need involve new interventions together reduce stress, fitness populations species, people economies adapt highly altered ecosystem.

Language: Английский

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