Revista de Gestão e Secretariado (Management and Administrative Professional Review),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(9), P. 14971 - 14991
Published: Sept. 14, 2023
The
search
for
environmentally
correct
fuels
has
been
gaining
momentum/prominence
in
scientific
research,
example,
using
oils
or
fats
of
animal/vegetable
origin
and
commercial/residual
oils.
These
consist
primarily
free
fatty
acids
with
high
energy
power
can
be
converted
into
acid
esters
(biodiesel)
highly
efficient
recyclable
heterogeneous
catalysts.
Among
the
catalysts
most
used
conversion
biodiesel,
two
are
worth
mentioning:
MoO3
ferrospinels.
first
is
because
it
contains
its
structure,
especially
orthorhombic,
acidic
active
sites
Lewis
Brönsted-Lowry,
second
they
have
specific
surface
areas
adequate
magnetic
characteristics
that
allow
recovery
medium.
Another
interesting
point
use
residues
catalysis
highlighted,
as
materials
contain
metals
such
Fe,
K,
Si,
Mg,
Na,
Ti
their
composition,
which
accelerate
reactions.
Thus,
this
sense,
article
proposes
to
carry
out
a
bibliographical
survey
literature
experimental
papers
published
reviews
on
ferrospinels
supported
waste
from
cut
ornamental
rocks
(granite/marble)
production
core
search,
online
data
platforms
Science
Direct
(Elsevier)
Web
covering
period
2016
April
2023,
Start
software
(State
Art
through
Systematic
Review).
results
revealed
quantitative
223
articles
general,
62
were
accepted,
161
rejected.
While
review
extraction
stage,
22
40
In
addition,
catalytic
supports
biodiesel
oxides,
nothing
specifically
informing
cuts
host
material
(support)
aiming
biodiesel.
Therefore,
meaning
not
possible
type
residue
support
catalysts,
but
rather
there
may
lack
research
investigating
application.
Catalysts,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(9), P. 647 - 647
Published: Sept. 22, 2024
A
heterogeneous
base
catalyst
transesterification
process
with
a
calcium
oxide
(CaO)
was
performed
to
produce
high-purity
methyl
ester
(ME)
from
pretreated
sludge
palm
oil
(PSPO)
derived
(SPO).
Additionally,
comparative
analysis
conducted
potassium
hydroxide
(KOH)
as
homogeneous
assess
the
distinctions
between
and
catalysts.
The
response
surface
methodology
(RSM)
utilized
determine
optimal
recommended
conditions
for
both
processes.
For
transesterification,
varying
CaO
loading
(10–60
wt.%),
methanol
(25–65
reaction
time
(60–180
min)
were
essential
parameters.
Meanwhile,
involved
investigating
KOH
(1–3
(1.8–5.5
(20–60
min).
heterogeneous-base-catalyzed
reaction,
follows:
molar
ratio
of
5.83:1
(41.61
31.3
wt.%
CaO,
119.0
min,
which
resulted
in
ME
purity
96.51
wt.%.
0.49:1
(3.45
40
min
time,
1.39
concentration,
achieved
96.59
met
standard.
Catalysts,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(9), P. 623 - 623
Published: Sept. 16, 2024
Biodiesel
is
a
renewable
and
sustainable
alternative
fuel
to
petrol-derived
diesel.
Decreasing
the
operating
costs
by
improving
catalyst’s
characteristics
an
effective
way
increase
competitiveness
of
biodiesel
in
market.
An
aqueous
solution
sodium
methoxide
(CH3ONa),
which
traditional
alkaline
catalyst,
was
immersed
nanometer-sized
particles
titanium
dioxide
(TiO2)
powder
prepare
strong
catalyst
TiO2/CH3ONa.
The
immersion
method
used
enhance
transesterification
reaction.
mixture
TiO2
CH3ONa
calcined
high-temperature
furnace
range
between
150
450
°C
continuously
for
4
h.
heterogeneous
TiO2/CH3ONa
then
catalyze
reaction
palm
oil
with
methanol.
highest
content
fatty
acid
methyl
esters
(FAMEs),
amounted
95.9%,
produced
when
molar
ratio
methanol
equal
6,
3
wt.%
used,
based
on
weight
oil.
FAMEs
from
above
conditions
were
also
found
have
lowest
kinematic
viscosity
4.17
mm2/s,
value
0.32
mg
KOH/g
oil,
water
0.031
wt.%,
as
well
heating
40.02
MJ/kg
cetane
index
50.05.
lower
amount
1
contrast,
resulted
49.31.
distillation
temperature
355
added
reactant
methanol/palm
6.
prepared
considered
biodiesel.
Revista de Gestão e Secretariado (Management and Administrative Professional Review),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(9), P. 14971 - 14991
Published: Sept. 14, 2023
The
search
for
environmentally
correct
fuels
has
been
gaining
momentum/prominence
in
scientific
research,
example,
using
oils
or
fats
of
animal/vegetable
origin
and
commercial/residual
oils.
These
consist
primarily
free
fatty
acids
with
high
energy
power
can
be
converted
into
acid
esters
(biodiesel)
highly
efficient
recyclable
heterogeneous
catalysts.
Among
the
catalysts
most
used
conversion
biodiesel,
two
are
worth
mentioning:
MoO3
ferrospinels.
first
is
because
it
contains
its
structure,
especially
orthorhombic,
acidic
active
sites
Lewis
Brönsted-Lowry,
second
they
have
specific
surface
areas
adequate
magnetic
characteristics
that
allow
recovery
medium.
Another
interesting
point
use
residues
catalysis
highlighted,
as
materials
contain
metals
such
Fe,
K,
Si,
Mg,
Na,
Ti
their
composition,
which
accelerate
reactions.
Thus,
this
sense,
article
proposes
to
carry
out
a
bibliographical
survey
literature
experimental
papers
published
reviews
on
ferrospinels
supported
waste
from
cut
ornamental
rocks
(granite/marble)
production
core
search,
online
data
platforms
Science
Direct
(Elsevier)
Web
covering
period
2016
April
2023,
Start
software
(State
Art
through
Systematic
Review).
results
revealed
quantitative
223
articles
general,
62
were
accepted,
161
rejected.
While
review
extraction
stage,
22
40
In
addition,
catalytic
supports
biodiesel
oxides,
nothing
specifically
informing
cuts
host
material
(support)
aiming
biodiesel.
Therefore,
meaning
not
possible
type
residue
support
catalysts,
but
rather
there
may
lack
research
investigating
application.
