Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124(17), P. 9899 - 9948
Published: Aug. 28, 2024
Electronic
skins
(e-skins)
have
seen
intense
research
and
rapid
development
in
the
past
two
decades.
To
mimic
capabilities
of
human
skin,
a
multitude
flexible/stretchable
sensors
that
detect
physiological
environmental
signals
been
designed
integrated
into
functional
systems.
Recently,
researchers
increasingly
deployed
machine
learning
other
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
technologies
to
neural
system
for
processing
analysis
sensory
data
collected
by
e-skins.
Integrating
AI
has
potential
enable
advanced
applications
robotics,
healthcare,
human–machine
interfaces
but
also
presents
challenges
such
as
diversity
model
robustness.
In
this
review,
we
first
summarize
functions
features
e-skins,
followed
feature
extraction
different
models.
Next,
discuss
utilization
design
e-skin
address
key
topic
implementation
e-skins
accomplish
range
tasks.
Subsequently,
explore
hardware-layer
in-skin
before
concluding
with
an
opportunities
various
aspects
AI-enabled
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17(9), P. 8293 - 8302
Published: April 19, 2023
Touch
panels
are
deemed
as
a
critical
platform
for
the
future
of
human–computer
interaction
and
metaverse.
Recently,
stretchable
iontronic
touch
have
attracted
attention
due
to
their
superior
adhesivity
human
body.
However,
such
adhesion
can
not
be
named
"real
wearable",
leading
discomfort
wearer,
rashes
or
itching
with
long-time
wearing.
Herein,
skin-friendly
wearable
textile-based
panel
highly
touch-sensing
resolution
deformation
insensitivity
is
designed
based
on
an
in-suit
growing
strategy.
This
endows
excellent
interfacial
hydrophilic
biocompatibility
skin
by
overcoming
bottlenecks
hydrogel-based
uncomfortable
sticky
interface
low
mechanical
behavior.
The
developed
enables
handwriting
good
capacity
(114
MPa),
nearly
4145
times
higher
than
pure
hydrogel.
More
importantly,
our
possesses
intrinsic
wide
external
loading
from
silver
fiber
(<0.003
g)
even
heavy
metal
block
(>10
kg).
As
proof
concept,
applied
interaction,
flexible
keyboard
sketchpad.
qualitities
helpful
next-generation
electronics.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(37)
Published: May 14, 2023
Abstract
Developing
versatile
and
high
sensitivity
sensors
is
beneficial
for
promoting
flexible
electronic
devices
human‐machine
interactive
systems.
Researchers
are
working
on
the
exploration
of
various
active
sensing
materials
toward
broad
detection,
multifunction,
low‐power
consumption.
Here,
a
ion‐gel
fibrous
membrane
presented
by
electrospinning
technology
utilized
to
construct
capacitive
triboelectric
nanogenerator
(TENG).
The
iontronic
sensor
exhibits
inherently
favorable
repeatability,
which
retains
long‐term
stability
after
5000
cycles.
can
also
detect
clear
pulse
waveform
at
human
wrist
enable
mapping
pressure
distribution
sensory
matrix.
For
TENG,
maximum
peak
power
54.56
µW
be
used
commercial
electronics.
In
addition,
prepared
TENG
array
achieve
interactive,
rapidly
responsive,
accurate
dynamic
monitoring,
broadens
direct
effective
devices.
promising
provide
an
outstanding
approach
physiological
biomechanical
energy
harvesting,
interaction,
self‐powered
monitoring
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124(4), P. 1464 - 1534
Published: Feb. 5, 2024
Haptic
human-machine
interfaces
(HHMIs)
combine
tactile
sensation
and
haptic
feedback
to
allow
humans
interact
closely
with
machines
robots,
providing
immersive
experiences
convenient
lifestyles.
Significant
progress
has
been
made
in
developing
wearable
sensors
that
accurately
detect
physical
electrophysiological
stimuli
improved
softness,
functionality,
reliability,
selectivity.
In
addition,
soft
actuating
systems
have
developed
provide
high-quality
by
precisely
controlling
force,
displacement,
frequency,
spatial
resolution.
this
Review,
we
discuss
the
latest
technological
advances
of
actuators
for
demonstration
HHMIs.
We
particularly
focus
on
highlighting
material
structural
approaches
enable
desired
sensing
properties
necessary
effective
Furthermore,
promising
practical
applications
current
HHMI
technology
various
areas
such
as
metaverse,
robotics,
user-interactive
devices
are
discussed
detail.
Finally,
Review
further
concludes
discussing
outlook
next-generation
technology.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(3)
Published: Nov. 29, 2023
Abstract
Developing
electronic
skins
(e‐skins)
that
are
comparable
to
or
even
beyond
human
tactile
perception
holds
significant
importance
in
advancing
the
process
of
intellectualization.
In
this
context,
a
machine‐learning‐motivated
micropyramid
array
bimodal
(MAB)
e‐skin
based
on
capacitive
sensing
is
reported,
which
enables
spatial
mapping
applications
(proximity
and
pressure)
implemented
via
fringing
iontronic
effects,
such
as
contactless
measurement
3D
objects
contact
recognition
Braille
letters.
Benefiting
from
effect
single‐micropyramid
structure,
MAB
pressure
mode
yields
impressive
features:
maximum
sensitivity
655.3
kPa
−1
(below
0.5
kPa),
linear
327.9
(0.5–15
an
ultralow
limit
detection
0.2
Pa.
With
assistance
multilayer
perceptron
convolutional
neural
network,
can
accurately
perceive
6
materials
10
surface
shapes
training
learning
using
collected
datasets
proximity
modes,
thus
allowing
it
achieve
precise
different
within
one
proximity‐pressure
cycle.
The
development
opens
new
avenue
for
robotic
skin
expansion
advanced
applications.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(33)
Published: April 25, 2023
Abstract
Continuous
temperature
monitoring
by
flexible
hydrogel‐based
electronics
achieves
rapid
advances,
overcoming
the
drawbacks
of
rigid
and
unportable
thermocouples.
However,
an
open
question
is
whether
how
thermosensitive
hydrogel
designing
can
prevent
mechanical
mismatching
between
devices
skin‐tissues
reduces
interfacial
failure.
Herein,
a
versatile
thermistor
epidermal
sensor
(HTES)
paradigm
engineered
consisting
self‐adhesive
function
layer
(PEST)
in
tandem
with
surface
spraying
Ag
interdigital
electrode.
Leveraging
advantage
catechol
chemistry
inspired
tannic
acid‐coated
cellulose
nanocrystals,
resultant
PEST
adhesion‐cohesion
equilibrium
along
superior
thermosensitivity.
The
assembled
HTES
thereby
yields
unprecedented
features
thermosensitivity
(TCR
=
1.43%
°C
−1
),
exceptional
integrity
(hammering
200
cycles,
current
variation
<9%),
impressive
compatibility
(adhesion
strength,
25
kPa),
environmental
stability
(thermosensation
retention
98%
over
5
days).
By
in‐situ
microstructure
observation,
unique
geometrical
synchronization
arbitrary
curvilinear
surfaces
(e.g.,
sphere,
cone,
saddle)
stemming
from
elastic
dissipation
discrete
rupture
adhesive
fibrillar
bridges
validated,
affording
competitive
advantages
than
that
state‐of‐the‐art
for
alleviating
deterioration,
which
dramatically
inspires
advanced
design
strategies
paves
way
commercialization
attachable
electronics.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(36)
Published: May 14, 2023
Abstract
Triboelectric
nanogenerator
(TENG)
is
a
potential
technology
for
harvesting
water
energy
and
serving
as
self‐powered
sensors.
Among
the
innovative
designs
of
TENG,
droplet‐based
electricity
generator
(DEG)
has
achieved
high
instantaneous
power
density
under
droplets
impinging.
However,
exposed
top
electrode
usually
hydrophilic
subjected
to
corrosion.
This
study
reports
an
electrode‐grounded
(EG‐DEG)
with
graphene
sheets
embedded
carbon
(GSEC)
electrode.
Compared
traditional
electrodes,
designed
device
GSEC
exhibits
great
hydrophobicity,
corrosion
resistance
impinging
better
output
performance.
The
working
mechanism
discussed
in
depth
performance
EG‐DEG
systematically
studied.
To
demonstrate
robust
capability
sensors,
three‐electrodes
mode
developed
monitor
droplet
velocities
on
different
triboelectric
surfaces.
Furthermore,
can
be
assembled
pipe
acquire
flow
rate
fluid
according
frequency
signals.
An
intelligent
system
further
display
fluid.
Therefore,
also
shows
its
application
prospects
particles
detection
analysis
future.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
34(40)
Published: May 6, 2024
Abstract
The
conventional
medical
assistive
strategy
for
wearable
devices
involves
sensing
physiological
signals
and
subsequent
analysis
while
it
lacks
the
capability
visual
interaction
often
necessitates
use
of
additional
bulky
display.
Herein,
a
perceptual
based
on
electroluminescent
triboelectric
3D
stacked
device
(ETD)
is
proposed
to
address
current
issues.
ETD
utilizes
bottom
sensor
tactile
information,
which
processed
analyzed,
ultimately
triggering
selective
illumination
top
array
through
external
power
circuitry.
possesses
generate
100
V
with
1.5
cm
2
stable
ability
at
30
drive
voltage.
Based
outstanding
features
ETD,
two
assistance
scenarios
are
explored.
I)
captures
signals,
such
as
pulse
rate,
respiratory
special
joint
flexion,
in
situ
displays
corresponding
effectively
assisting
patients/elders
self‐monitoring.
II)
A
bidirectional
interactive
telemedicine
system
utilizing
ETDs
implemented,
not
only
gathers
real‐time
activity
status
from
but
also
realizes
that
remote
physician
assesses
safety
assessment
results
wirelessly
back‐communicated
enabling
advice.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
34(33)
Published: April 19, 2024
Abstract
Multifunctional
integration
is
a
pivotal
aspect
in
the
development
of
flexible
sensors
that
facilitate
augmented
interaction
with
physical
environment.
However,
contemporary
multifunctional
face
challenges
arising
from
their
complex
structures
and
high
costs.
Therefore,
polydimethylsiloxane
(PDMS)
/liquid
metal
(LM)
films
hierarchical
structure
prepared
via
gravity‐induced
deposition
LM
are
applied
to
sensors.
PDMS/LM
exhibit
remarkable
flexibility
function
as
electrodes
for
pressure
well
single‐electrode
mode
triboelectric
nanogenerator
(TENG).
The
porous
PDMS/carbon
nanotube
(CNT)
dielectric
an
array
developed
sensing,
showing
commendable
sensitivity
(0.671
kPa
−1
)
even
under
low
pressures
(0–17
kPa).
Compared
solid
dielectrics,
its
improved
over
entire
range.
sensor
achieves
response
time
≈80
ms
demonstrates
exceptional
stability.
Furthermore,
when
film
functions
TENG,
it
can
serve
self‐powered
measuring
dynamic
forces
aid
material
recognition
assistance
capacitive
sensing.
This
study
provides
new
perspective
on
simplified
design
