Various
flexible
electrodes
have
been
developed
to
fulfill
the
requirements
of
electrophysiological
monitoring.
A
key
feature
these
is
their
conformal
and
seamless
contact
with
tissues
or
skins.
Such
usually
difficult
achieve
when
detecting
signals
from
hairy
skins,
e.g.,
electroencephalogram
(EEG)
head
without
shaving
hairs
noninvasive
detection
animal
signals.
Herein,
address
this
problem,
a
composite
paste
electrode
by
mixing
polymer
matrix
conductive
nanofillers.
The
can
conformally
coat
smooth
rough
surfaces
adequate
adhesion
function
collect
It
records
signal-to-noise
ratios
comparable
those
commercial
patch
electrodes.
With
electrode,
direct
electrocardiogram
(ECG)
rabbit
skin
realized,
which
conducted
invasive
needle
High-quality
EEG
also
be
collected
areas
dense
hair,
simplifying
detection.
This
provides
convenient
comfortable
for
applications
monitoring
on
surfaces.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124(20), P. 11585 - 11636
Published: Oct. 11, 2024
Soft
robotics
presents
innovative
solutions
across
different
scales.
The
flexibility
and
mechanical
characteristics
of
soft
robots
make
them
particularly
appealing
for
wearable
implantable
applications.
scale
level
invasiveness
required
depend
on
the
extent
human
interaction.
This
review
provides
a
comprehensive
overview
robots,
including
applications
in
rehabilitation,
assistance,
organ
simulation,
surgical
tools,
therapy.
We
discuss
challenges
such
as
complexity
fabrication
processes,
integration
responsive
materials,
need
robust
control
strategies,
while
focusing
advances
actuation
sensing
mechanisms,
techniques.
Finally,
we
future
outlook,
highlighting
key
proposing
potential
solutions.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124(22), P. 12738 - 12843
Published: Nov. 5, 2024
The
quest
to
imbue
machines
with
intelligence
akin
that
of
humans,
through
the
development
adaptable
neuromorphic
devices
and
creation
artificial
neural
systems,
has
long
stood
as
a
pivotal
goal
in
both
scientific
inquiry
industrial
advancement.
Recent
advancements
flexible
electronics
primarily
rely
on
nanomaterials
polymers
owing
their
inherent
uniformity,
superior
mechanical
electrical
capabilities,
versatile
functionalities.
However,
this
field
is
still
its
nascent
stage,
necessitating
continuous
efforts
materials
innovation
device/system
design.
Therefore,
it
imperative
conduct
an
extensive
comprehensive
analysis
summarize
current
progress.
This
review
highlights
applications
neuromorphics,
involving
inorganic
(zero-/one-/two-dimensional,
heterostructure),
carbon-based
such
carbon
nanotubes
(CNTs)
graphene,
polymers.
Additionally,
comparison
summary
structural
compositions,
design
strategies,
key
performance,
significant
these
are
provided.
Furthermore,
challenges
future
directions
pertaining
materials/devices/systems
associated
neuromorphics
also
addressed.
aim
shed
light
rapidly
growing
attract
experts
from
diverse
disciplines
(e.g.,
electronics,
science,
neurobiology),
foster
further
for
accelerated
development.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 21, 2025
Abstract
Wearable
sensor
has
attracted
a
broad
interesting
in
application
prospect
of
human‐machine
interaction
(HMI).
However,
most
sensors
are
assembled
the
shape
gloves
to
accurately
capture
complex
hand
motion
information,
thereby
seriously
blocking
complete
tasks.
Herein,
wearable
pressure
based
on
drum‐structured
triboelectric
nanogenerator
(DS‐TENG)
is
developed
subtle
signals
for
physiological
signal
detection,
information
encoding,
gesture
recognition,
and
wireless
real‐time
robot
control.
The
DS‐TENG
enables
limit
detection
down
3.9
Pa
pressure,
which
can
sensitively
human
micromotion
pulse,
throat
sounds,
wrist
muscles
contraction.
Especially,
combined
with
microprocessor
Morse
code,
worn
detect
single‐finger
translate
into
regular
voltage
signals,
employed
encode
26
letters
subsequently
decode
corresponding
letters.
Furthermore,
an
aid
machine
learning,
array
(2
×
2)
successfully
achieve
recognition
high
accuracy
92%
wirelessly
perform
Consequently,
encoding
control,
demonstrates
extreme
potential
field
HMI
artificial
intelligence.
Fiber-based
strain
sensors,
as
wearable
integrated
devices,
have
shown
substantial
promise
in
health
monitoring.
However,
current
sensors
suffer
from
limited
tunability
sensing
performance,
constraining
their
adaptability
to
diverse
human
motions.
Drawing
inspiration
the
structure
of
spiranthes
sinensis,
this
study
introduces
a
unique
textile
wrapping
technique
coil
flexible
silver
(Ag)
yarn
around
surface
multifilament
elastic
polyurethane
(PU),
thereby
constructing
helical
fiber-based
sensor.
The
synergistic
interaction
between
PU
core
and
outer
Ag
enhances
mechanical
strength
stretchability
sensor,
while
external
offers
high
conductivity.
By
adjusting
spacing
coils
on
we
achieve
precise
control
over
both
sensitivity
range.
Specifically,
experimental
results
show
that
with
pitch
1.25
mm,
range
reaches
up
150%,
gauge
factor
(GF)
is
2.6;
when
adjusted
5
within
60%
range,
GF
value
significantly
increases
9.3.
Based
these
excellent
performance
metrics,
further
apply
sensor
conductor
ECG
monitoring
garments,
successfully
verifying
its
practicality
cardiac
Additionally,
developed
smart
glove
for
hand
function
rehabilitation
training,
utilizing
wireless
signal
transmission
promote
recovery
hemiplegic
patients.
also
capable
effectively
respiratory
rate
pulse,
showing
broad
prospects
fields
medicine
healthcare.
Applied Physics Reviews,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Feb. 12, 2025
Capacitive
tactile
sensors
have
garnered
significant
attention
due
to
their
simple
structure,
temperature
independence,
and
wide
applicability.
However,
with
the
continuous
evolution
of
intellectualization
process,
developing
that
can
compare
or
even
surpass
sensing
ability
human
skin
remains
a
challenge.
Consequently,
various
strategies
aimed
at
enhancing
performance
emerged,
introduction
morphological
structures
into
active
layer
being
most
effective.
In
light
this,
capacitive
based
on
structure
designs
gained
favor
among
researchers,
gradually
forming
“hundred
schools
thought
contend”
trend.
Nevertheless,
processes
applicability
yet
form
complete
system,
development
intelligence
morphological-engineering-based
reached
bottleneck
stage,
requiring
comprehensive
systematic
review
provide
inspiration
for
breakthroughs.
This
delves
deeply
impact
device
provides
overview
applicability,
advantages,
disadvantages
fabrication
technologies
derived
from
these
structures.
Finally,
progress
in
advanced
intelligent
systems
is
summarized,
challenges
prospects
faced
this
emerging
field
are
envisioned.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
This
review
examines
the
integration
of
artificial
intelligence
with
nanogenerators
to
develop
self-powered,
adaptive
systems
for
applications
in
robotics,
wearables,
and
environmental
monitoring.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Nov. 14, 2024
The
capacity
to
discern
and
locate
positions
in
three-dimensional
space
is
crucial
for
human-machine
interfaces
robotic
perception.
However,
current
soft
electronics
can
only
obtain
two-dimensional
spatial
locations
through
physical
contact.
In
this
study,
we
report
a
non-contact
position
targeting
concept
enabled
by
transparent
thin
electronic
skin
(E-skin)
with
sensing
capabilities.
Inspired
the
active
electrosensation
of
mormyroidea
fish,
E-skin
actively
ascertains
3D
targeted
objects
contactless
manner
wirelessly
convey
corresponding
other
devices
real-time.
Consequently,
readily
enables
interaction
machines,
i.e.,
manipulating
virtual
objects,
controlling
arms,
drones
either
or
actual
space.
Additionally,
it
be
integrated
robots
provide
them
situational
awareness
perceiving
their
surroundings,
avoiding
obstacles,
tracking
targets.
Developing
skins
location
beyond
difficult.
authors
present
flexible,
lightweight,
accurate
motion
sensing.
This
achieves
micron-level
precision,
reducing
complexity
power
consumption.
