The role of short-chain fatty acids in intestinal barrier function, inflammation, oxidative stress, and colonic carcinogenesis

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 165, P. 105420 - 105420

Published: Jan. 12, 2021

Language: Английский

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Short chain fatty acids: Microbial metabolites for gut-brain axis signalling

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 546, P. 111572 - 111572

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

The role of the intestinal microbiota as a regulator gut-brain axis signalling has risen to prominence in recent years. Understanding relationship between gut microbiota, metabolites it produces, and brain will be critical for subsequent development new therapeutic approaches, including identification novel psychobiotics. A key focus this regard have been short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by bacterial fermentation dietary fibre, which include butyrate, acetate, propionate. Ongoing research is focused on entry SCFAs into systemic circulation from lumen, their migration cerebral across blood barrier, potential exert acute chronic effects structure function. This review aims discuss our current mechanistic understanding direct indirect influence that function, behaviour physiology, inform future microbiota-targeted interventions disorders.

Language: Английский

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Western diet as a trigger of Alzheimer’s disease: From metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 70, P. 101397 - 101397

Published: June 30, 2021

An excess of saturated fatty acids and simple sugars in the diet is a known environmental risk factor Alzheimer's disease (AD) but holistic view interacting processes through which such may contribute to AD pathogenesis missing. We addressed this need extensive analysis published studies investigating effects western (WD) on development humans laboratory animals. reviewed WD-induced systemic alterations comprising metabolic changes, induction obesity adipose tissue inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis acceleration low-grade inflammation. Next we provide an overview evidence demonstrating that WD-associated drive impairment blood-brain barrier (BBB) neuroinflammation paralleled by accumulation toxic amyloid. Later these changes are followed dysfunction synaptic transmission, neurodegeneration finally memory cognitive impairment. conclude WD can trigger inflammaging, BBB induced inflammation play central role process. Moreover, concurrence Aβ dyshomeostasis, reciprocal interactions vicious cycle neurodegeneration, contradicts as primary AD. Given 2019 World Health Organization recommended focusing modifiable factors prevention, sequential, complex pathomechanisms initiated WD, lead from peripheral disturbances support future prevention strategies.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota in neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction: a focus on Alzheimer’s disease

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: March 5, 2022

The implication of gut microbiota in the control brain functions health and disease is a novel, currently emerging concept. Accumulating data suggest that exert its action at least part by modulating neuroinflammation. Given link between neuroinflammatory changes neuronal activity, it plausible may affect indirectly impacting microglia, key player Indeed, increasing evidence suggests interplay microglia synaptic dysfunction involve microbiota, among other factors. In addition to these indirect microglia-dependent actions on has been recently recognized could also activity directly stimulation vagus nerve.

Language: Английский

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The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic options

Brain, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 144(9), P. 2571 - 2593

Published: April 12, 2021

Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in which gastrointestinal symptoms may appear prior to motor symptoms. The gut microbiota of patients with shows unique changes, be used as early biomarkers disease. Alterations the composition related cause or effect non-motor symptoms, but specific pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. and its metabolites have been suggested involved pathogenesis by regulating neuroinflammation, barrier function neurotransmitter activity. There bidirectional communication between enteric nervous system CNS, microbiota-gut-brain axis provide pathway for transmission α-synuclein. We highlight recent discoveries about alterations focus on current mechanistic insights into pathophysiology. Moreover, we discuss interactions production α-synuclein inflammation neuroinflammation. In addition, draw attention diet modification, use probiotics prebiotics faecal transplantation potential therapeutic approaches that lead new treatment paradigm

Language: Английский

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The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Diagnosis to Treatment

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 668 - 668

Published: Feb. 5, 2022

Gut microbiota is emerging as a key regulator of many disease conditions and its dysregulation implicated in the pathogenesis several gastrointestinal extraintestinal disorders. More recently, gut microbiome alterations have been linked to neurodegeneration through increasingly defined brain axis, opening possibility for new microbiota-based therapeutic options. Although studies conducted unravel possible relationship between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) progression, diagnostic potential approaches aiming at restoring eubiosis remain be fully addressed. In this narrative review, we briefly summarize role homeostasis health disease, present evidence AD patients. Based on these observations, then discuss how dysbiosis might exploited tool early advanced stages, examine prebiotics, probiotics, fecal transplantation, diets complementary interventions thus offering insights into diagnosis treatment devastating progressive disease.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota drives age-related oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in microglia via the metabolite N6-carboxymethyllysine

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 295 - 305

Published: March 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Brain-gut axis dysfunction in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 131(12)

Published: June 14, 2021

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a chronic and progressive disease, management requires an understanding of both the primary neurological secondary sequelae that affect peripheral organs, including gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The brain-gut axis composed bidirectional pathways through which TBI-induced neuroinflammation neurodegeneration impact gut function. resulting dysautonomia systemic inflammation contribute to GI events, dysmotility increased mucosal permeability. These effects shape, are shaped by, changes in microbiota composition activation resident recruited immune cells. Microbial products cell mediators turn modulate activity. Importantly, enteric inflammatory challenges prolong worsen neuropathology neurobehavioral deficits. importance communication maintaining homeostasis highlights it as viable therapeutic target for TBI. Currently, treatments directed toward dysautonomia, dysbiosis, and/or offer most promise.

Language: Английский

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Rifaximin-mediated gut microbiota regulation modulates the function of microglia and protects against CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors in adolescent rat

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Nov. 4, 2021

Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) can not only lead to depression-like behavior but also change the composition of gut microbiome. Regulating microbiome have an antidepressant effect, mechanism by which it improves depressive symptoms is clear. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are small molecular compounds produced fermentation non-digestible carbohydrates. SFCAs ubiquitous in intestinal endocrine and immune cells, making them important mediators microbiome-regulated body functions. The balance between pro- anti-inflammatory microglia plays role occurrence treatment depression caused chronic stress. Non-absorbable antibiotic rifaximin regulate structure We hypothesized that protects against stress-induced inflammation behaviors regulating abundance fecal microbial metabolites microglial functions.We administered 150 mg/kg intragastrically rats exposed CUMS for 4 weeks investigated microbiome, content short-chain serum brain, functional profiles hippocampal neurogenesis.Our results show ameliorated depressive-like induced CUMS, as reflected sucrose preference, open field test Morris water maze. Rifaximin increased relative Ruminococcaceae Lachnospiraceae, were significantly positively correlated with high level butyrate brain. factors released microglia, prevented neurogenic abnormalities CUMS.These suggest inflammatory function play a protective pubertal neurodevelopment during acids.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Composition Is Related to AD Pathology

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 31, 2022

Several studies have reported alterations in gut microbiota composition of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, the observed differences are not consistent across studies. We aimed to investigate associations between and AD biomarkers using machine learning models patients with dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjective decline (SCD).

Language: Английский

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