The health effects of vitamin D supplementation: evidence from human studies

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 96 - 110

Published: Nov. 23, 2021

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D, infections and immunity

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 265 - 277

Published: July 29, 2021

Abstract Vitamin D, best known for its role in skeletal health, has emerged as a key regulator of innate immune responses to microbial threat. In cells such macrophages, expression CYP27B1, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase, is induced by immune-specific inputs, leading local production hormonal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin (1,25D) at sites infection, which turn directly induces genes encoding antimicrobial peptides. signaling active upstream and downstream pattern recognition receptors, promote front-line responses. Moreover, 1,25D stimulates autophagy, mechanism critical control intracellular pathogens M. tuberculosis . Strong laboratory epidemiological evidence links vitamin deficiency increased rates conditions dental caries, well inflammatory bowel diseases arising from dysregulation handling intestinal flora. also cascades that antiviral immunity; 1,25D-induced peptide CAMP/LL37, originally characterized antibacterial properties, component Poor status associated with greater susceptibility viral infections, including those respiratory tract. Although severity COVID-19 pandemic been alleviated some areas arrival vaccines, it remains important identify therapeutic interventions reduce disease mortality, accelerate recovery. This review outlines our current knowledge mechanisms action system. It provides an assessment potential supplementation infectious diseases, up-to-date analysis putative benefits ongoing crisis.

Language: Английский

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Effects of a 2-Week 5000 IU versus 1000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Recovery of Symptoms in Patients with Mild to Moderate Covid-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 2170 - 2170

Published: June 24, 2021

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 severity. This multi-center randomized clinical trial aims to determine the effects 5000 IU versus 1000 daily oral vitamin D3 supplementation in recovery symptoms and other parameters among mild moderate patients sub-optimal status. Study Design Setting: A total 69 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) SARS-CoV-2 positive adults who were hospitalized for disease allocated receive once 2 weeks either (n = 36, 21 males; 15 females) or (standard control) 33, 13 20 females). Anthropometrics measured blood samples taken pre- post-supplementation. Fasting glucose, lipids, serum 25(OH)D, inflammatory markers measured. noted on admission monitored until full recovery. Results: caused a significant increase 25(OH)D levels group only (adjusted p 0.003). Within-group comparisons also showed decrease BMI IL-6 overtime both groups (p-values < 0.05) but was not clinically between-group comparisons. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that had significantly shorter time (days) than resolving cough, even after adjusting age, sex, baseline BMI, D-dimer (6.2 ± 0.8 9.1 0.8; 0.039), ageusia (loss taste) (11.4 1.0 16.9 1.7; 0.035). Conclusion: reduces cough gustatory sensory loss status symptoms. The use as adjuvant therapy suboptimal status, short duration, is recommended.

Language: Английский

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Prognostic and Therapeutic Role of Vitamin D in COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 107(5), P. 1484 - 1502

Published: Dec. 11, 2021

Abstract Purpose Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency may increase the susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed determine association between vitamin and COVID-19, its severity, mortality, role of in treatment. Methods searched CINAHL, Cochrane library, EMBASE, PubMED, Scopus, Web Science up May 30, 2021, for observational studies on severe disease, death among adults, and, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing treatment against standard care or placebo, improving severity mortality adults with COVID-19. Risk bias was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa scale AUB-KQ1 tool RCTs. Study-level data were analyzed RevMan 5.3 R (v4.1.0). Heterogeneity determined by I2 sources explored through prespecified sensitivity analyses, subgroup meta-regressions. Results Of 1877 search results, 76 satisfying eligibility criteria included. Seventy-two included meta-analysis (n = 1 976 099). increased odds developing COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] 1.46; 95% CI, 1.28-1.65; P &lt; 0.0001; 92%), (OR 1.90; 1.52-2.38; 81%), 2.07; 1.28-3.35; 0.003; 73%). The 25-hydroxy concentrations lower individuals compared controls (mean difference [MD] -3.85 ng/mL; -5.44 -2.26; ≤ 0.0001), patients nonsevere (MD -4.84 -7.32 -2.35; 0.0001) nonsurvivors survivors -4.80 -7.89 -1.71; 0.002). insignificant when high risk reporting unadjusted effect estimates excluded. heterogeneity across all analyses. Discrepancies timing testing, definitions partly explained heterogeneity. Four RCTs widely heterogeneous precluding meta-analysis. Conclusion Multiple involving nearly 2 million suggest increases although a Association less robust. precluded their

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcomes in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 53 - 68

Published: June 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 risk: a population-based, cohort study

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 167 - 179

Published: July 17, 2021

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D Regulation of Immune Function

Current Osteoporosis Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 186 - 193

Published: May 4, 2022

Abstract Purpose of Review To review the mechanisms by which vitamin D and its metabolites regulate immune system to facilitate ability body prevent and/or treat SARS-CoV2 other respiratory infections encourage further research into role that supplementation plays in preventing/treating such infections. Recent Findings Vitamin deficiency is associated with an increased risk Clinical trials general demonstrate correction reduces hospitalization, ICU admission, death from infection. The airway epithelium alveolar macrophages express enzyme, CYP27B1, produces active metabolite D, 1,25(OH) 2 receptor, VDR. promote innate response, provides first line defense against viral bacterial while restricting adaptive if unchecked promotes inflammatory response leading acute distress syndrome death. Summary rationale for treating reduce infection supplementing patients early course rests primarily on effective

Language: Английский

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Association of vitamin D status with COVID-19 and its severity

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 579 - 599

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles of vitamins in COVID-19 therapy

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 232, P. 114175 - 114175

Published: Feb. 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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Role of vitamin D supplementation in the management of musculoskeletal diseases: update from an European Society of Clinical and Economical Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) working group

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(11), P. 2603 - 2623

Published: Oct. 26, 2022

Abstract Vitamin D is a key component for optimal growth and calcium–phosphate homeostasis. Skin photosynthesis the main source of vitamin D. Limited sun exposure insufficient dietary supply justify supplementation in certain age groups. In older adults, recommended doses vary between 200 2000 IU/day, to achieve goal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin (calcifediol) at least 50 nmol/L. The target level depends on population being supplemented, assessed system, outcome. Several recent large randomized trials with oral regimens varying 100,000 IU/month mostly conducted D-replete healthy individuals have failed detect any efficacy these approaches prevention fracture falls. Considering well-recognized major musculoskeletal disorders associated severe deficiency taking into account possible biphasic effects fall risks, an European Society Clinical Economic Aspects Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) working group convened, carefully reviewed, analyzed meta-analyses controlled risk, falls or osteoarthritis, came conclusion that 1000 IU daily should be patients increased risk deficiency. also addressed identification possibly benefitting from loading dose early therapeutic calcifediol administration.

Language: Английский

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