Childhood obesity from the genes to the epigenome

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 9, 2024

The prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities has surged dramatically in recent decades. Especially concerning is the increased rate childhood obesity, resulting diseases traditionally only with adulthood. While fundamentally arises from energy imbalance, emerging evidence over past decade revealed involvement additional factors. Epidemiological murine studies have provided extensive linking parental to offspring weight subsequent cardiometabolic complications Offspring exposed an obese environment during conception, pregnancy, and/or lactation often exhibit body long-term metabolic health issues, suggesting a transgenerational inheritance disease susceptibility through epigenetic mechanisms rather than solely classic genetic mutations. In this review, we explore current understanding mediating intergenerational transmission obesity. We delve into findings regarding both paternal maternal shedding light on underlying potential sex differences outcomes. A deeper behind holds promise for enhancing clinical management strategies breaking cycle risk across generations.

Language: Английский

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Maternal breastfeeding is associated with offspring microbiome diversity; a secondary analysis of the MicrobeMom randomized control trial

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 31, 2023

Microbial dysbiosis in infancy can influence long-term health outcomes such as childhood obesity. The aim of this study is to explore relationships among maternal well-being during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and the infant gut microbiome.This a secondary analysis healthy pregnant women from MicrobeMom study, double-blind randomized control trial probiotic supplementation (Bifidobacterium breve 702258) versus placebo antenatally up 3 months postpartum. Maternal was assessed using WHO-5 index at 16 weeks' 34 gestation. Breastfeeding practices were recorded discharge hospital 1 month Infant stool samples obtained age. Next generation shotgun sequencing determined microbial diversity. Independent sample t-tests Mann-Whitney U tests informed adjusted regression analysis, which for delivery mode, antibiotics delivery, age body mass (BMI), vs. group.Women (n = 118) with least one measure on average 33 years (SD 3.93) 25.09 kg/m2 3.28) BMI. Exclusive breastfeeding initiated by 65% 74). Any continued 69% 81) after month. In early late 87% 97/111) 94% 107/114) had high scores. Well-being not associated diversity exclusive beta (PC2; 0.254, 95% CI 0.006, 0.038). At postpartum, any alpha (Shannon index; -0.241, -0.498, -0.060) observed species; (-0.325, -0.307, -0.060), 0.319, 0.013, 0.045). postpartum -0.364, -0.573, -0.194; Simpson 0.339, 0.027, 0.091), infant's number species (-0.271, -0.172, -0.037).Breastfeeding lower infants potentially beneficial allow greater abundance Bifidobacterium.ISRCTN53023014.

Language: Английский

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Dietary fibre optimisation in support of global health

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Abstract The human gut microbiota influences its host via multiple molecular pathways, including immune system interactions, the provision of nutrients and regulation physiology. Dietary fibre plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy as primary nutrient energy source. Industrialisation has led to massive decrease habitual intake recent times, intakes across world are below national recommendations. This goes hand with other factors industrialised societies that may negatively affect microbiota, such medication increased hygiene. Non‐communicable diseases on rise urbanised optimisation dietary can help improve global health prevent disease. Early life interventions shape developing counteract malnutrition, both context nations an overabundance cheap, highly processed foods, well Low‐ Middle‐Income Countries (LMICs). Adequate should, however, be maintained course promote health. Here we will discuss current state research consider different intervention approaches.

Language: Английский

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PyBootNet: a python package for bootstrapping and network construction

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13, P. e18915 - e18915

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Background Network analysis has emerged as a tool for investigating interactions among species in community, genes or proteins within cells, across different types of data ( e.g. , and metabolites). Two aspects networks that are difficult to assess the statistical robustness network whether from two biological systems experimental conditions differ. Methods PyBootNet is user-friendly Python package integrates bootstrapping correlation construction. The offers functions generating bootstrapped metrics, statistically comparing metrics datasets, visualizing networks. designed be accessible efficient with minimal dependencies straightforward input requirements. To demonstrate its functionality, we applied compare derived study using mouse model investigate impacts Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) on gut microbiome. includes preprocessing, bootstrapping, matrix calculation, statistics computation, visualization. Results We show generates robust identifies significant differences one more between pairs Our previously published PCOS microbiome also showed our uncovered patterns treatment effects missed original study. provides powerful extendible bioinformatics solution construction can microbes, genes, metabolites other appropriate comparison analysis.

Language: Английский

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Can Vaginal Seeding Improve Health Outcomes of Infants Born by Cesarean Delivery?

JAMA Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

This Viewpoint discusses microbiome restoration by vaginal seeding in infants born cesarean delivery and the potential of to mitigate diseases associated with birth.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota development in very preterm infants following fortification of human milk

mSystems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

ABSTRACT Very preterm infants (VPIs) are born with an immature gut and predisposed to microbiota dysbiosis-related diseases, for example, necrotizing enterocolitis. Although fortification of human milk is required these infants, the optimal fortifier remains uncertain. Bovine colostrum (BC), rich in protein bioactive components, could serve as alternative conventional fortifiers (CF). The (GM) 225 VPIs fed fortified either BC or CF (FortiColos study, NCT03537365) was profiled by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing fecal samples collected before, after 1 2 weeks fortification. Birth mode exhibited transient effects on microbial community structure shortly birth, cesarean section-born dominated Firmicutes , whereas vaginally were Proteobacteria . This birth mode-derived difference diminished age disappeared around month birth. Fortifier type affected a modest extent, but no specific taxa significantly differed between groups. Fecal pH, increased BC, positively correlated Staphylococcus Corynebacterium negatively Bifidobacterium abundance. Change relative abundance body weight gain. Collectively, does influence GM only extent during early life. appears have significant, temporary this period. IMPORTANCE Early life key period establishment, where enteral feeding plays significant role. also case preterm, who, due their gut, at high risk developing diseases. Human feed it requires reach adequate levels especially protein. Only few studies investigated impact development infants. Here, we demonstrate that two different bovine milk-based fortifiers, based mature milk, exhibit limited very These findings suggest although great care terms optimally maturing infant should be taken, choice has impact. In clinical practice, can thus fully focussed optimizing nutrition. CLINICAL TRIALS study registered ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03537365

Language: Английский

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Neonatal microbiome in the multiomics era: development and its impact on long-term health

Pediatric Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Abstract The neonatal microbiome has been the focus of considerable research over past two decades and studies have added fascinating information in terms early microbial patterns how these relate to various disease processes. One difficulty with interpretation relationships is that such data associative provides little proof causality or underpinning mechanisms. Integrating other omics as proteome, inflammatory mediators, metabolome an emerging approach address this gap. Here we discuss omics, their integration, they can be applied improve our understanding, treatment, prevention disease. Impact This review introduces concept multiomics neonatology technologies integrated We highlight considerations for performing multiomic neonates need validation separate cohorts and/or relevant model systems. summarise use expanding lay out steps bring clinic enable precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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The influence of maternal gut and vaginal microbiota on gastrointestinal colonization of neonates born vaginally and per caesarean section

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: March 8, 2025

Abstract Background Early life microbial colonization of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract is crucial for imprinting immune system. Vertical transmission maternal microbes considered key source initial colonization. We aimed to evaluate role vaginal and rectal microbiota in early vaginally- caesarean section-born neonates. Methods Maternal swabs were collected shortly before delivery. Neonatal fecal samples at day 0, 7 28 postnatally both vaginally-born ( n = 23) caesarean-section born 40) neonates (total 63). All analyzed by 16 S rRNA sequencing. The relative abundances amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) shared between compared vaginally-versus Results median abundance ASVs with all was low (below 10% or any three time-points). When focusing on versus neonates, there no differences swabs, only p 0.002). However, delivery routes, ASV swab higher (median 19% 2% neonates) (0% 28. Conclusions observed that a limited amount transferred from compartments tract. contributed gut greater extent than genital one month age. Our findings contribute an increased understanding factors influencing section birth, importance as characteristics have been associated health outcomes later life. Trial registration original trial registered Dutch Clinical Registry (Trial number: NTR6000, https://www.trialregisternl/trial/5845 ) study protocol published online.

Language: Английский

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Maternal Vaginal and Fecal Microbiota in Later Pregnancy Contribute to Child Fecal Microbiota Development in the ECHO Cohort

iScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 112211 - 112211

Published: March 13, 2025

There is growing interest in the use of microbial-seeding interventions to mitigate impacts prenatal antibiotics, C-section, and lack breastfeeding on mother-child microbe sharing. However, relative importance maternal vaginal vs. fecal microbiota this process unclear. Analyzing 16S rRNA sequences from five US birth cohorts, we found that became more similar as pregnancy progressed, both niches influenced child's microbiota. The contribution increased when sampling occurred later gestation. As children aged 5 years, their increasingly resembled mother's compared Patterns sharing appeared differ by antibiotic use, mode (C-section vaginal), breastfeeding. Our findings enhance understanding niche-specific may inform interventions. Metagenomic studies are needed identify specific shared strains.

Language: Английский

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Human microbiome acquisition and transmission

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 21, 2025

Language: Английский

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