Human papillomavirus infection: Epidemiology, biology, host interactions, cancer development, prevention, and therapeutics

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(3)

Published: April 26, 2024

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. It caused by HPV, a DNA virus that infects epithelial cells in various mucous membranes and skin surfaces. HPV can be categorised into high-risk low-risk types based on their association with development certain cancers. High-risk types, such as HPV-16 HPV-18, are known to oncogenic strongly associated cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar, penile, oropharyngeal These persist body for an extended period and, some cases, lead formation precancerous lesions may progress cancer if left untreated. Low-risk HPV-6 HPV-11, not typically but cause benign conditions like genital warts. Genital warts characterised growth small, cauliflower-like bumps anal areas. Although life-threatening, they discomfort psychological distress. primarily through sexual contact, including oral sex. also non-penetrative activities involve skin-to-skin contact. In addition transmission, vertical transmission from mother child during childbirth possible relatively rare. Prevention includes vaccination safe practices. vaccines, Gardasil Cervarix, highly effective preventing types. vaccines administered adolescents young adults before become active. Safe practices, consistent correct condom use limiting number partners, reduce risk transmission. Diagnosis challenging because often asymptomatic, especially men. women, testing done cervical screening programs, which collection analysis. Abnormal results further diagnostic procedures, colposcopy or biopsy, detect cancerous changes. Overall, prevalent significant implications public health. Vaccination, regular screening, early treatment key strategies burden HPV-related diseases complications. Education awareness about its prevention crucial promoting optimal This study aimed carry out literature review considering several aspects involving infection: Global distribution, prevalence, biology, host interactions, development, prevention, therapeutics, coinfection other viruses, bacteria, head neck squamous cell carcinomas, cancer.

Language: Английский

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The potential use of therapeutics and prophylactic mRNA vaccines in human papillomavirus (HPV)

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: May 31, 2024

Abstract Cervical cancer (CC) and other malignant malignancies are acknowledged to be primarily caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Historically, vaccinations against viruses that produce neutralizing antibodies unique the virus have been an affordable way manage viral diseases. CC risk is decreased, but not eliminated, HPV vaccinations. Since made available globally, almost 90% of infections successfully avoided. On lesions diseases already present, however, no discernible treatment benefit has shown. As a result, therapeutic vaccines elicit immune responses mediated cells necessary for established cancers. mRNA possess remarkable potential in combating malignancy as result their superior industrial production, safety, efficacy. Furthermore, considering expeditiousness vaccine exhibits promise approach targeting HPV. Given HPV-encoded early proteins, including oncoproteins E6 E7, consistently present HPV-related cancers pre-cancerous crucial functions progression persistence diseases, they serve ideal targets vaccines. The action mechanism vaccines, recent advancements clinical trials, applications highlighted this study, which also offers quick summary state Lastly, we highlight few difficulties with vaccination practice provide our thoughts on further quickly changing sector. It expected will soon produced prevention treatment. Graphical

Language: Английский

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The potential use of bacteria and bacterial derivatives as drug delivery systems for viral infection

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Oct. 3, 2023

Abstract Viral infections in humans are responsible for fatalities worldwide and contribute to the incidence of various human ailments. Controllable targeted medicine delivery against many illnesses, including viral infection, may be significantly aided by using bacteria bacteria-derived products. They accumulate diseased tissues despite physical obstacles, where they can launch antiviral immunity. The ability genetically chemically modify them means that vaccinations manufactured delivered affected more safely effectively. objective this study is provide an overview latest advancements field utilizing bacterial derivatives as carriers administering medication treat diseases such SARS-CoV-2, hepatitis B virus, C immunodeficiency papillomavirus, influenza, Ebola virus. Graphical

Language: Английский

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The role of oncolytic virotherapy and viral oncogenes in the cancer stem cells: a review of virus in cancer stem cells

Cancer Cell International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are the main "seeds" for initiation, growth, metastasis, and recurrence of tumors. According to many studies, several viral infections, including human papillomaviruses, hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr C promote aggressiveness cancer by encouraging development CSC features. Therefore, a better method targeted elimination CSCs knowledge their regulatory mechanisms in carcinogenesis may lead future tool management treatment cancer. Oncolytic viruses (OVs), which include herpes adenovirus, vaccinia, reovirus, also new class therapeutics that have favorable properties such as selective replication tumor cells, delivery numerous eukaryotic transgene payloads, induction immunogenic cell death promotion antitumor immunity, well tolerable safety profile essentially differs from other therapeutics. The effects infection on suppression OV therapy were examined this paper. purpose review is investigate dual role (oncolytic virotherapy oncogenes).

Language: Английский

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The role of lipids and lipids lowering drugs in human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV-associated cancers

Infectious Agents and Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Both women and men are now confronted with the grave threat of cancers caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). It is estimated that 80% may encounter HPV over their lives. In preponderance cases involving anal, head neck, oral, oropharyngeal, penile, vaginal, vulvar, cervical malignancies, high-risk (HR-HPV) causative agent. 2019, believed to have been cause 620,000 new cancer in 70,000 worldwide. The bulk 530,000 (~ 270,000 fatalities) infection (86% cases, 88% deaths) happen poor nations each year. Lipid metabolism crucial development related HPV. One most noticeable metabolic abnormalities lipid reprogramming, which cells dysregulate obtain sufficient energy, building blocks for cell membranes, signaling molecules necessary invasion, metastasis, proliferation, survival. Moreover, proteins' stimulation production infected will probably a significant effect on oncogenesis. addition, lipids critical producing cellular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, therapy resistance HPV-related (HRCs). Therefore, essential HRC also be an important target approaches associated treatments during or development. This review study looked at role lipid-lowering drugs cancers.

Language: Английский

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The role of green synthesis metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in oral cancer therapy: a review

Journal of drug targeting, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 39

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

There are 275,000 new cases of oral cancer (OC) per year, making it the sixth most common in world. Severe adverse effects, including loss function, deformity, and systemic toxicity, familiar with traditional therapies such as radiation, chemotherapy, surgery; due to their unique properties, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged a superior alternative over chemo/radiotherapy surgery targeting capability, bioavailability, compatibility, high solubility. Due metallic NPs garnered significant attention OC control. In addition fact that metal may be harmful human cells, reactive chemicals used make them pose same risk, which limits use medicine. Green synthesis (GS) is novel strategy uses biological materials like yeast, bacteria, fungi, plant extracts. Compared more chemical processes, these environmentally benign manageable for living organisms. This article summarizes GS made metals oxides anticancer effects on OC. The method's potential benefits drawbacks advancing NPs' shaping therapy's future were also discussed.

Language: Английский

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All Properties of Infertility Microbiome in a Review Article

Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 9, 2025

The microbiome is crucial for many physiological processes, including immunity, metabolism, and reproduction. This review aims to contribute a detailed understanding of the genital tract, which can lead better management dysbiosis reproductive disorders. Data from four international information databases Medline, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar. search strategy was based on combination following terms: "microbiota," "microbiome," "microfilm," "microflora," "fertility," or "infertility." advent next-generation sequencing-based technologies during last decade has revealed presence microbial communities in nearly every part human body, system. Several studies have shown significant differences between microbiota vagina endometrium, as well other parts upper tract. plays critical role determining person's health state, tract may impact fertility potential before after assisted treatments (ARTs). To completely understand microbiome, future research should focus not only description but also interaction bacteria, production biofilms, microorganisms with cells.

Language: Английский

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A Standard Pipeline for Analyzing the Endometrial Microbiome

Reproductive Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(8), P. 2163 - 2173

Published: May 8, 2024

Language: Английский

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An insight into the vaginal microbiome of infertile women in Bangladesh using metagenomic approach

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 8, 2024

Introduction The dysbiosis of vaginal microbiota is recognized as a potential underlying factor contributing to infertility in women. This study aimed compare the microbiomes infertile and fertile women investigate their relationship with infertility. Methods Metagenomic analysis was conducted on samples from 5 individuals using both amplicon 16S metagenomics shotgun sequencing methods. Results discussion In group, bacterial community primarily represented by three major genera: Lactobacillus (79.42%), Gardnerella (12.56%) Prevotella (3.33%), whereas, group exhibited more diverse composition over 8 genera, accompanied significantly reduced abundance (48.79%) (6.98%). At species level, higher abundances L. iners, gasseri G. vaginalis were observed group. Regarding microbiome composition, only one two subjects healthiest Community State Types, CST-1, while CST-3 among subject, CST-4 other subject. Overall, alpha diversity metrics indicated greater lower richness control (fertile) displayed opposite trend. However, beta-diversity did not show distinct clustering associated any specific group; instead, it demonstrated CST-type clustering. Shotgun further confirmed dominance Firmicutes, Specifically, iners identified most dominant highly abundant Fungi dominated Penicillium citrinum (62.5%). Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) corroborated read-based taxonomic profiling, taxon johnsonii exclusively disease samples. MAG identities shared groups include Shamonda orthobunyavirus, crispatus , Human endogenous retrovirus K113, . Interestingly, healthy sequenced this contained clusters, Staphylococcus haemolyticus found public dataset. conclusion, suggests that may contribute female our datasets. larger sample sizes are necessary evaluate such association.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the influence of the microbiome on childhood infections

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. 529 - 545

Published: April 12, 2024

The microbiome is known to have a substantial impact on human health and disease. However, the impacts of immune system development, susceptibility infectious diseases, vaccine-elicited responses are emerging areas interest.

Language: Английский

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