Lipids in Health and Disease,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
24(1)
Published: Jan. 7, 2025
Abstract
Metabolic
dysfunction-associated
steatotic
liver
disease
(MASLD)
is
an
asymptomatic,
multifaceted
condition
often
associated
with
various
risk
factors,
including
fatigue,
obesity,
insulin
resistance,
metabolic
syndrome,
and
sleep
apnea.
The
increasing
burden
of
MASLD
underscores
the
critical
need
for
early
diagnosis
effective
therapies.
Owing
to
lack
efficient
therapies
MASLD,
crucial.
Consequently,
noninvasive
biomarkers
imaging
techniques
are
essential
analyzing
play
a
pivotal
role
in
global
diagnostic
process.
use
extracellular
vesicles
has
emerged
as
promising
therapy
ailments.
Herein,
comprehensive
summary
current
modalities
presented,
highlighting
their
advantages
limitations
while
exploring
potential
(EVs)
innovative
therapeutic
tools
MASLD.
With
this
aim,
review
emphasizes
in-depth
understanding
origin
EVs
pathophysiological
alterations
these
ectosomes
exosomes
diseases.
This
also
explores
key
components
future
management
disease.
dual
utility
essentially
highlights
clinical
integration
improve
treatment.
While
EV-based
still
stages
development
require
substantial
research
increase
value
before
they
can
be
used
clinically,
application
been
extensively
explored.
Moving
forward,
developing
devices
leveraging
will
crucial
advancing
diagnosis.
Thus,
literature
summarized
provides
suitable
grounds
clinicians
researchers
explore
devising
treatment
strategies
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17(18), P. 17668 - 17698
Published: Sept. 11, 2023
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
extensively
dispersed
lipid
bilayer
membrane
involved
in
the
delivery
and
transportation
of
molecular
payloads
to
certain
cell
types
facilitate
intercellular
interactions.
Their
significant
roles
physiological
pathological
processes
make
EVs
outstanding
biomarkers
for
disease
diagnosis
treatment
monitoring
as
well
ideal
candidates
drug
delivery.
Nevertheless,
differences
biogenesis
among
EV
subpopulations
have
led
a
diversity
biophysical
characteristics
cargos.
Additionally,
prevalent
heterogeneity
has
been
found
substantially
hamper
sensitivity
accuracy
therapeutic
monitoring,
thus
impeding
advancement
clinical
applications.
In
recent
years,
evolution
single
(SEV)
analysis
enabled
an
in-depth
comprehension
physical
properties,
composition,
biological
at
individual
vesicle
level.
This
review
examines
sample
acquisition
tactics
prior
SEV
analysis,
i.e.,
isolation
techniques,
outlines
current
state-of-the-art
label-free
label-based
technologies
identification.
Furthermore,
challenges
prospects
biomedical
applications
based
on
systematically
discussed.
Journal of Ovarian Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: May 25, 2024
Abstract
Ovarian
cancer
accounts
for
more
deaths
than
any
other
female
reproductive
tract
cancer.
The
major
reasons
the
high
mortality
rates
include
delayed
diagnoses
and
drug
resistance.
Hence,
improved
diagnostic
therapeutic
options
ovarian
are
a
pressing
need.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
that
exosomes
provide
hope
in
both
aspects.
They
natural
lipid
nanovesicles
secreted
by
all
cell
types
carry
molecules
reflect
status
of
parent
cell.
This
facilitates
their
potential
use
as
biomarkers
an
early
diagnosis.
Additionally,
EVs
can
be
loaded
with
exogenous
cargo,
have
features
such
stability
favorable
pharmacokinetic
properties.
makes
them
ideal
tumor-targeted
delivery
biological
moieties.
International
Society
Vesicles
(ISEV)
based
on
Minimal
Information
Studies
(MISEV)
recommends
usage
term
“small
extracellular
(sEVs)”
includes
particles
30–200
nm
size.
However,
majority
studies
reported
literature
relevant
to
this
review
used
“exosomes”.
Therefore,
will
“exosomes”
interchangeably
sEVs
consistency
avoid
confusion
readers.
review,
initially
summarizes
different
isolation
detection
techniques
developed
study
cancer-derived
these
diagnosis
devastating
disease.
It
addresses
role
exosome
contents
pathogenesis
cancer,
discusses
strategies
limit
exosome-mediated
progression,
provides
therapy
Finally,
it
states
future
research
directions
essential
needed
successfully
transition
from
laboratory
gynecologic-oncology
clinic.
Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
96(3), P. 1293 - 1300
Published: Jan. 8, 2024
Due
to
the
substantial
heterogeneity
among
extracellular
vesicle
(EV)
subpopulations,
single-EV
analysis
has
potential
elucidate
mechanisms
behind
EV
biogenesis
and
shed
light
on
myriad
functions,
leading
development
of
novel
diagnostics
therapeutics.
While
many
studies
have
been
devoted
reveal
between-EV
variations
in
surface
proteins
RNAs,
DNA
cargos
(EV-DNA)
received
little
attention.
Here,
we
report
a
hydrogel-based
droplet
digital
multiple
displacement
amplification
approach
for
comprehensive
EV-DNA
at
level.
Single
EVs
are
dispersed
thousands
hydrogel
droplets
lysed
identification.
The
microfluidics
strategy
empowers
assay
with
single-molecule
sensitivity
capability
absolute
quantification
DNA-containing
EVs.
In
particular,
our
findings
indicate
that
5–40%
associated
DNA,
depending
cell
origin.
Large
exhibit
higher
proportion
more
presence
intraluminal
compared
small
These
carry
fragments
average.
Furthermore,
both
double-stranded
single-stranded
were
able
be
detected
Utilizing
this
method,
abundance,
distribution,
biophysical
properties
various
populations
evaluated.
level
within
provides
insight
into
status
originating
cells
offers
valuable
information
outcomes
anticancer
treatments.
utilization
holds
significant
promise
early
cancer
detection
treatment
response
monitoring.
Cancer Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
115(5), P. 1602 - 1610
Published: March 13, 2024
Anti-programmed
death-ligand
1
(PD-L1)
Ab-based
therapies
have
demonstrated
potential
for
treating
metastatic
urothelial
cancer
with
high
PD-L1
expression.
Urinary
exosomes
are
promising
biomarkers
liquid
biopsy,
but
urine's
variability
requires
normalization
accurate
analysis.
This
study
proposes
using
the
PD-L1/Alix
ratio
to
normalize
exosomal
signal
intensity
Alix,
an
internal
protein
less
susceptible
heterogeneity
concerns
than
surface
markers.
Extracellular
vesicles
were
isolated
ExoDisc
and
characterized
various
methods,
including
ExoView
analyze
tetraspanins,
PD-L1,
Alix
on
individual
exosomes.
On-disc
ELISA
was
used
evaluate
Alix-normalized
in
15
patients
during
initial
treatment
cycle
Tecentriq.
Results
showed
that
range
relatively
uniform,
whereas
tetraspanin
marker
varied
exosome
particles.
more
reliable
detecting
expression
standard
plate
ELISA-based
measurement.
Using
is
a
approach
conventional
methods
monitoring
patient
status.
Overall,
provides
practical
method
urine
samples
from
cancer.
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(9), P. 5205 - 5221
Published: Aug. 14, 2023
Glioblastoma
(GBM)
is
an
aggressive
type
of
cancer
that
has
led
to
the
death
a
large
population.
The
traditional
approach
fails
develop
solution
for
GBM's
suffering
life.
Extensive
research
into
tumor
microenvironments
(TME)
indicates
TME
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
play
vital
role
in
development
and
progression.
EVs
are
classified
microvacuoles,
apoptotic
bodies,
exosomes.
Exosomes
most
highlighted
domains
research.
GBM
cell-derived
exosomes
participate
multiple
progression
events
such
as
immune
suppression,
angiogenesis,
premetastatic
niche
formation
(PMN),
ECM
(extracellular
matrix),
EMT
(epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition),
metastasis,
stem
cell
therapeutic
drug
resistance.
also
carry
signature
glioblastoma-related
status.
exosome-based
examination
part
new
generation
liquid
biopsy.
It
solved
early
diagnostic
limitations
GBM.
Traditional
approaches
do
not
cross
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB).
game
changer
treatment
it
emerging
potential
platform
effective,
efficient,
specific
development.
In
this
review,
we
have
explored
exosome–GBM
interlink,
clinical
impact
on
biomarkers,
therapeutics
GBM,
challenges,
future
directions
Therefore,
GBM-derived
offer
unique
opportunities,
which
currently
under
preclinical
testing.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 19, P. 6231 - 6252
Published: June 1, 2024
Abstract:
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
microparticles
released
from
cells
in
both
physiological
and
pathological
conditions
could
be
used
to
monitor
the
progression
of
various
states,
including
neoplastic
diseases.
In
EVs,
tumor-derived
extracellular
(TEVs)
secreted
by
different
tumor
abundant
many
molecular
components,
such
as
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
lipids,
carbohydrates.
TEVs
play
a
crucial
role
forming
advancing
cancer
processes.
Therefore,
regarded
promising
biomarkers
for
early
detection
liquid
biopsy.
However,
currently
developed
TEV
methods
still
face
several
key
scientific
problems
that
need
solved,
low
sensitivity,
poor
specificity,
accuracy.
To
overcome
these
limitations,
DNA
walkers
have
emerged
one
most
popular
nanodevices
exhibit
better
signal
amplification
capability
enable
highly
sensitive
specific
analytes.
Due
their
unique
properties
high
directionality,
flexibility,
efficiency,
hold
great
potential
detecting
TEVs.
This
paper
provides
an
introduction
EVs
walker,
additionally,
it
summarizes
recent
advances
walker-based
(2018–
2024).
The
review
highlights
close
relationship
between
walkers,
aims
offer
valuable
insights
into
inspire
development
reliable,
efficient,
simple,
innovative
based
on
walker
future.
Keywords:
TEVs,
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 17, 2024
The
simultaneous
detection
of
proteins
and
microRNA
(miRNA)
at
the
single
extracellular
vesicle
(EV)
level
shows
great
promise
for
precise
disease
profiling,
owing
to
heterogeneity
scarcity
tumor-derived
EVs.
However,
a
highly
reliable
method
multiple-target
analysis
EVs
remains
be
developed.
In
this
study,
digital
dual
CRISPR-Cas-powered
Single
EV
Evaluation
(ddSEE)
system
was
proposed
enable
concurrent
surface
protein
inner
miRNA
single-molecule
level.
By
optimizing
reaction
conditions
CRISPR-Cas12a
CRISPR-Cas13a,
detected
by
Cas12a
using
antibody-DNA
conjugates
transfer
signal
DNA,
while
analyzed
Cas13a
through
EV-liposome
fusion.
A
microfluidic
chip
containing
188,000
microwells
used
convert
CRISPR-Cas
into
assay
format
absolute
quantification
miRNA/protein-positive
without
bias
fluorescence
imaging,
which
can
detect
as
few
214
EVs/μL.
Finally,
total
31
blood
samples,
21
from
breast
cancer
patients
10
healthy
donors,
were
collected
tested,
achieving
diagnostic
accuracy
92%
in
distinguishing
with
donors.
With
its
quantification,
ease
use,
multiplexed
capability,
ddSEE
demonstrates
potential
both
research
clinical
applications.
