Small cell lung carcinoma metastatic to the stomach: Commonly overlooked, limited treatment options DOI

Terence Moyana

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(48), P. 5198 - 5204

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

Small cell lung carcinoma metastatic to the stomach, whether synchronous or metachronous, is a rare phenomenon accounting for < 0.5% of cancers. Hence it can be overlooked by clinicians resulting in delayed diagnosis. This manuscript comments on Yang et al ’s article which reported 3 such cases. The main diagnostic features are based routine morphology comprised small cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, scant cytoplasm, brisk mitoses and necrosis. supplemented immunohistochemistry demonstrating positivity cytokeratin, thyroid transcription factor-1 neuroendocrine markers as well high Ki-67 labelling index. Imaging modalities positron emission tomography/contrast computed tomography help confirm origin rule out possibility extra-pulmonary carcinoma. predominant mechanism spread most likely hematogeneous. Prognosis generally poor since this represents stage 4 disease but survival improved chemo/radiotherapy palliative surgery select Though outcomes have not changed much last several decades, recent Food Drug Administration approval immune checkpoint inhibitors was significant milestone delineation molecular subtypes. Liquid biopsies increasingly being used biomarker studies clinical trials assess treatment response prognosis.

Language: Английский

Exploring the Mechanism of Ferroptosis Induction by Sappanone A in Cancer: Insights into the Mitochondrial Dysfunction Mediated by NRF2/xCT/GPX4 Axis DOI Creative Commons

Junyan Wang,

Haowen Zhuang,

Xiaocui Yang

et al.

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(13), P. 5145 - 5161

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a major subtype of cancer, encompasses squamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large carcinoma. Compared to small NSCLC cells grow divide more slowly, their metastasis occurs at later stage. Currently, chemotherapy is the primary treatment for this disease. Sappanone A (SA) flavonoid compound extracted from plant Caesalpinia sappan, known its antitumor, redox-regulating, anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies have investigated interaction SA with mitochondrial pathways in regulating death through Nrf-2/GPX-4/xCT axis. This study specifically explores mechanism by which affects morphology structure regulation mitophagy biogenesis tumor cells. The primarily utilizes second-generation transcriptomic sequencing data molecular docking techniques elucidate role programmed omics results indicate that significantly targets genes involved oxidative phosphorylation, mitophagy, dynamics, stress. Further findings confirmed Nrf-2/GPX4/xCT pathway serves as crucial target NSCLC. Knockdown Nrf-2 (si-Nrf-2) overexpression (ad-Nrf-2) were shown modulate therapeutic efficacy varying degrees. Additionally, modifications GPX4/xCT affected regulatory effects on autophagy, biogenesis, energy metabolism. These mechanisms may be mediated caspase ferroptosis-related signaling. Molecular biology experiments demonstrated intervention further inhibits phosphorylation FUNDC1 Tyr18 downregulates TOM20 expression. was found reduce expression PGC1α, Nrf-1, Tfam, resulting decrease respiration Overexpression counteract biogenesis. Confocal microscopy revealed increases fragmentation, subsequently inducing pathway-mediated death. However, genetic modification altered In conclusion, has been identified promising agent apoptosis ferroptosis represent key Targeting axis offers novel approach maintaining homeostasis within cellular microenvironment.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Utilization of TEP miRNAs in tumor proliferation, diagnostic evaluation, therapeutic intervention, and prognostic assessment DOI
Yuhan Wang, Ling Jiang, Jie Wang

et al.

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 52(1)

Published: March 26, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Challenges of small cell lung cancer heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity DOI
Kathryn Simpson, Dominic G. Rothwell, Fiona Blackhall

et al.

Nature reviews. Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 10, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Small cell lung carcinoma metastatic to the stomach: Commonly overlooked, limited treatment options DOI

Terence Moyana

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(48), P. 5198 - 5204

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

Small cell lung carcinoma metastatic to the stomach, whether synchronous or metachronous, is a rare phenomenon accounting for < 0.5% of cancers. Hence it can be overlooked by clinicians resulting in delayed diagnosis. This manuscript comments on Yang et al ’s article which reported 3 such cases. The main diagnostic features are based routine morphology comprised small cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, scant cytoplasm, brisk mitoses and necrosis. supplemented immunohistochemistry demonstrating positivity cytokeratin, thyroid transcription factor-1 neuroendocrine markers as well high Ki-67 labelling index. Imaging modalities positron emission tomography/contrast computed tomography help confirm origin rule out possibility extra-pulmonary carcinoma. predominant mechanism spread most likely hematogeneous. Prognosis generally poor since this represents stage 4 disease but survival improved chemo/radiotherapy palliative surgery select Though outcomes have not changed much last several decades, recent Food Drug Administration approval immune checkpoint inhibitors was significant milestone delineation molecular subtypes. Liquid biopsies increasingly being used biomarker studies clinical trials assess treatment response prognosis.

Language: Английский

Citations

0