ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18(51), P. 34720 - 34729
Published: Dec. 10, 2024
The
blood-spinal
cord
barrier
(BSCB)
tightly
regulates
the
transport
of
molecules
from
blood
to
spinal
cord.
Herein,
we
present
an
approach
for
transient
modulation
BSCB
permeability
and
localized
delivery
peptides
into
behavior
with
high
spatial
resolution.
This
utilizes
optical
stimulation
vasculature-targeted
nanoparticles
allows
BSCB-impermeable
without
significant
glial
activation
or
impact
on
animal
locomotor
behavior.
We
demonstrate
minimally
invasive
light
using
fiber
in
lumbar
region.
Our
method
bombesin,
a
centrally
acting
itch-inducing
peptide,
induces
rapid
increase
itching
behaviors
mice.
enables
genetic
modifications
is
promising
delivering
wide
range
biologics
potential
therapy
spatiotemporal
International Journal of Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
670, P. 125186 - 125186
Published: Jan. 8, 2025
The
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
plays
a
vital
role
in
protecting
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
by
preventing
entry
of
harmful
pathogens
from
bloodstream.
However,
this
also
presents
significant
obstacle
when
it
comes
to
delivering
drugs
for
treatment
neurodegenerative
diseases
and
brain
cancer.
Recent
breakthroughs
nanotechnology
have
paved
way
creation
wide
range
nanoparticles
(NPs)
that
can
serve
as
carriers
diagnosis
therapy.
Regarding
their
promising
properties,
organic
NPs
potential
be
used
effective
drug
delivery
across
BBB
based
on
recent
advancements.
These
remarkable
ability
penetrate
using
various
mechanisms.
This
review
offers
comprehensive
examination
intricate
structure
distinct
properties
BBB,
emphasizing
its
crucial
function
preserving
balance
regulating
transport
ions
molecules.
disruption
conditions
such
stroke,
Alzheimer's
disease,
Parkinson's
disease
highlights
importance
developing
creative
approaches
drugs.
Through
encapsulation
therapeutic
molecules
precise
targeting
processes
vasculature,
NP
formulations
present
hopeful
strategy
improve
BBB.
We
explore
changes
pathological
investigate
factors
affect
successful
into
brain.
In
addition,
we
most
systems
associated
with
shown
positive
results
treating
ischemic
disorders.
opens
up
new
possibilities
nanotechnology-based
therapies
cerebral
diseases.
Ageing & Longevity,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
1.2025, P. 6 - 21
Published: Jan. 17, 2025
Neuroglia
of
the
central
nervous
system,
represented
by
astroglia,
oligodendroglia
and
microglia,
are
fundamental
for
life-long
support
homeostasis,
plasticity
defence
neural
tissue.
In
particular
neuroglial
cells
contribute
to
cognitive
reserve,
which
defines
neurological
outcome
both
physiological
pathological
ageing.
Physiological
ageing
is
accompanied
with
structural
functional
decline
neuroglia.
particular,
astrocytes
undergo
morphological
atrophy
asthenia
compromises
their
vital
functions
such
as
glutamate
clearance,
K+
buffering
synaptic
support.
Old
oligodendrocytes
lose
myelination
capacity,
results
in
thinning
myelin
sheath
white
matter.
Finally,
associated
accumulation
dystrophic
microglia
limits
neuroprotection.
Age-dependent
impedes
contributes
impairment,
increases
vulnerability
system
neurodegeneration.
Life
style
changes
positively
impact
on
structure
function
this
improving
longevity.
Keywords:
ageing;
longevity;
neuroglia,
oligodendroglia;
oligodendroglial
precursor
cells;
Acta Physiologica,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
241(2)
Published: Jan. 16, 2025
The
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
is
a
highly
selective,
semipermeable
critical
for
maintaining
brain
homeostasis.
BBB
regulates
the
transport
of
essential
nutrients,
hormones,
and
signaling
molecules
between
bloodstream
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
while
simultaneously
protecting
from
potentially
harmful
substances
pathogens.
This
selective
permeability
ensures
that
nourished
shielded
toxins.
An
exception
to
this
are
regions,
such
as
hypothalamus
circumventricular
organs,
which
irrigated
by
fenestrated
capillaries,
allowing
rapid
direct
response
various
blood
components.
We
overview
metabolic
functions
BBB,
with
an
emphasis
on
impact
altered
glucose
metabolism
insulin
in
pathogenesis
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Notably,
endothelial
cells
constituting
exhibit
distinct
characteristics,
primarily
generating
ATP
through
aerobic
glycolysis.
occurs
despite
their
exposure
abundant
oxygen
bloodstream,
typically
supports
oxidative
phosphorylation.
effects
astrocytes,
form
glial
limitans
component
show
marked
sexual
dimorphism.
nutrient
sensing
hypothalamus,
along
signaling,
systemic
metabolism.
Insulin
modifies
regulating
expression
tight
junction
proteins,
angiogenesis,
vascular
remodeling,
well
modulating
flow
brain.
disruptions
particularly
evident
diseases,
Alzheimer's
disease
Parkinson's
disease,
where
breakdown
accelerates
cognitive
decline.
review
highlights
role
normal
functionality
investigates
how
these
pathways
contribute
onset
progression
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(10), P. 1208 - 1208
Published: Oct. 8, 2024
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
progressive
neurodegenerative
disease,
and
it
currently
the
seventh
leading
cause
of
death
worldwide.
It
characterized
by
extracellular
aggregation
amyloid
β-peptide
(Aβ)
into
oligomers
fibrils
that
synaptotoxicity
neuronal
death.
Aβ
exhibits
dual
role
in
promoting
oxidative
stress
inflammation.
This
review
aims
to
unravel
intricate
connection
between
these
processes
their
contribution
AD
progression.
The
delves
AD,
focusing
on
involvement
metals,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
biomolecule
oxidation.
distinct
yet
overlapping
concept
nitro-oxidative
also
discussed,
detailing
roles
nitric
oxide,
perturbations,
cumulative
impact
production
neurotoxicity.
Inflammation
examined
through
astroglia
microglia
function,
elucidating
response
within
brain.
blood-brain
barrier
oligodendrocytes
are
considered
context
pathophysiology.
We
current
diagnostic
methodologies
emerging
therapeutic
strategies
aimed
at
mitigating
inflammation,
thereby
offering
potential
treatments
for
halting
or
slowing
comprehensive
synthesis
underscores
pivotal
bridging
advancing
our
understanding
informing
future
research
treatment
paradigms.
Ageing & Longevity,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
1.2025, P. 28 - 34
Published: Jan. 28, 2025
Ageing
is
a
key
factor
in
the
development
of
cognitive
decline
and
neurodegeneration,
including
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD),
most
common
form
dementia
diagnosed.
In
2023
US
Federal
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
approved
new
drug
(Lecanemab,
Leqembi)
to
treat
AD
that
very
moderately
slows
down
early-stage
(van
Dyck
et
al.,
2023).
Donanemab
(Kisunla,
Eli
Lilley),
acting
similarly
lecanemab,
was
by
FDA
2024
US,
but
not
yet
European
Medicines
Agency
(EMA)
EU.
The
mechanism
action
both
these
monoclonal
antibodies
similar
aducanumab
(Aduhelm),
conditionally
for
2021
(but
subsequently
discontinued
producer),
on
reducing
β-amyloid
deposits
(Sevigny
2016;
van
However,
trials
all
revealed
significant
adverse
events
(brain
swelling
or
brain
bleeding);
hence
treatment
neurodegeneration
general
remains
an
important
unmet
medical
need,
affecting
millions
people
worldwide.
Here
I
discuss
role
noradrenergic
system
innervating
spinal
cord,
consisting
nucleus
locus
coeruleus
(LC),
which
appears
be
vulnerable
structure
central
nervous
(CNS)
ageing-related
factors,
leading
early
LC
demise
impairments.
Therefore,
propose
understanding
noradrenaline
cells,
particular
astrocytes,
homeostasis-providing
exhibit
high
density
adrenergic
receptors,
future
strategy
develop
drugs
mitigate
decline.
Keywords:
ageing;
noradrenaline;
adrenoceptors;
coeruleus;
neuroglia,
astrocytes
Aging and Disease,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
The
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
plays
a
critical
role
in
maintaining
ion
and
fluid
homeostasis,
essential
for
brain
metabolism
neuronal
function.
Regulation
of
nutrient,
water,
transport
across
the
BBB
is
tightly
controlled
by
specialized
transporters
channels
located
within
its
unique
cellular
components.
These
dynamic
processes
not
only
influence
BBB’s
structure
but
also
impact
vital
signaling
mechanisms,
optimal
Disruption
ion,
pH,
balance
at
associated
with
pathology
has
been
implicated
various
neurological
conditions,
including
stroke,
epilepsy,
trauma,
neurodegenerative
diseases
such
as
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD).
However,
knowledge
gaps
exist
regarding
dysregulation
on
function
dementias.
Several
factors
contribute
to
this
gap:
complex
nature
these
historical
research
focus
mechanisms
technical
challenges
studying
in
vivo
models
lack
efficient
vitro
dementia
models.
This
review
provides
an
overview
current
roles
poses
specific
questions:
1)
How
are
expression
activity
key
altered
AD
vascular
(VaD);
2)
Do
changes
dysfunction
progression;
3)
Can
restoring
mitigate
improve
clinical
outcomes.
Addressing
will
provide
greater
insight
into
disorders.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 9, 2024
Abstract
Parkinson’s
Disease
(PD)
is
a
progressive
neurodegenerative
disease
that
leads
to
debilitating
movement
disorders
and
often
dementia.
Recent
evidence,
including
identification
of
specific
peripheral
T-cell
receptor
sequences,
indicates
the
adaptive
immune
response
associated
with
pathogenesis.
However,
properties
T-cells
in
brain
regions
where
neurons
degenerate
are
not
well
characterized.
We
have
analyzed
identities
interactions
PD
post-mortem
tissue
using
single
nucleus
RNA
sequencing,
spatial
transcriptomics
sequencing.
found
substantia
nigra
donors
exhibit
CD8+
resident
memory
phenotype,
increased
clonal
expansion,
altered
relationships
astrocytes,
myeloid
cells,
endothelial
cells.
also
describe
regional
differences
astrocytic
responses
neurodegeneration.
Our
findings
nominate
potential
molecular
cellular
candidates
allow
deeper
understanding
pathophysiology
neurodegeneration
PD.
Together,
our
work
represents
major
transcriptional
resource
for
fields
Mycology: An International Journal on Fungal Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(3), P. 345 - 359
Published: Feb. 14, 2024
Generally,
Cryptococcus
initially
infects
the
respiratory
tract,
but
can
spread,
eventually
crossing
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
and
causing
meningitis
or
meningoencephalitis.
Specifically,
invades
vascular
endothelial
cells
of
BBB,
from
which
it
enters
brain.
The
main
mechanisms
through
crosses
BBB
are
transcellular
traversal,
paracellular
pathway,
via
Trojan
horse.
In
this
paper,
by
were
explained
in
detail.
addition
to
pathways
entry
brain,
paper
presents
a
discussion
on
some
rare
cryptococcal
infections
provides
insights
for
future
research
directions.
