Biomedical Papers,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 17, 2024
Traumatic
brain
injury
(TBI)
has
long-term
consequences,
including
neurodegenerative
disease
risk.
Current
diagnostic
tools
are
limited
in
detecting
subtle
damage.
This
review
explores
emerging
biomarkers
for
TBI,
those
related
to
neuronal
injury,
inflammation,
EVs,
and
ncRNAs,
evaluating
their
potential
predict
clinical
outcomes
like
mortality,
recovery,
cognitive
impairment.
It
addresses
challenges
opportunities
implementing
practice,
aiming
improve
TBI
diagnosis,
prognosis,
treatment.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(3), P. 1473 - 1473
Published: Jan. 25, 2024
More
than
75%
of
traumatic
brain
injuries
(TBIs)
are
mild
(mTBI)
and
military
service
members
often
experience
repeated
combat-related
mTBI.
The
chronic
comorbidities
concomitant
with
repetitive
mTBI
(rmTBI)
include
depression,
post-traumatic
stress
disorder
or
neurological
dysfunction.
This
study
sought
to
determine
a
long
noncoding
RNA
(lncRNA)
expression
signature
in
serum
samples
that
correlated
rmTBI
years
after
the
incidences.
Serum
were
obtained
from
Long-Term
Impact
Military-Relevant
Brain-Injury
Consortium
Chronic
Effects
Neurotrauma
(LIMBIC
CENC)
repository,
participants
unexposed
TBI
who
had
rmTBI.
Four
lncRNAs
identified
as
consistently
present
all
samples,
detected
via
droplet
digital
PCR
packaged
exosomes
enriched
for
CNS
origin.
results,
using
qPCR,
demonstrated
lncRNA
VLDLR-AS1
levels
significantly
lower
among
individuals
compared
those
no
lifetime
TBI.
ROC
analysis
determined
an
AUC
0.74
(95%
CI:
0.6124
0.8741;
p
=
0.0012).
optimal
cutoff
was
≤153.8
ng.
A
secondary
clinical
data
LIMBIC
CENC
conducted
evaluate
psychological
symptom
burden,
results
show
MALAT1
symptoms
depression.
In
conclusion,
may
serve
blood
biomarker
identifying
depression
patients.
Neural Regeneration Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20(4), P. 973 - 989
Published: May 16, 2024
Traumatic
brain
injury
is
a
global
health
crisis,
causing
significant
death
and
disability
worldwide.
Neuroinflammation
that
follows
traumatic
has
serious
consequences
for
neuronal
survival
cognitive
impairments,
with
astrocytes
involved
in
this
response.
Following
injury,
rapidly
become
reactive,
astrogliosis
propagates
from
the
core
to
distant
regions.
Homeostatic
astroglial
proteins
are
downregulated
near
core,
while
pro-inflammatory
genes
overexpressed.
This
altered
gene
expression
considered
pathological
remodeling
of
produces
recovery.
In
addition,
glial
scar
formed
by
reactive
initially
necessary
limit
immune
cell
infiltration,
but
long
term
impedes
axonal
reconnection
functional
Current
therapeutic
strategies
focused
on
preventing
acute
complications.
Statins,
cannabinoids,
progesterone,
beta-blockers,
cerebrolysin
demonstrate
neuroprotective
benefits
most
them
have
not
been
studied
context
astrocytes.
review,
we
discuss
signaling
pathways
activated
following
some
potential
new
aimed
modulate
responses
especially
using
cell-targeted
miRNAs
or
lncRNA,
viral
vectors,
repurposed
drugs.
iScience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
27(5), P. 109791 - 109791
Published: April 18, 2024
The
insufficiency
of
natural
regeneration
processes
in
higher
organisms,
including
humans,
underlies
myocardial
infarction
(MI),
which
is
one
the
main
causes
disability
and
mortality
population
developed
countries.
solution
to
this
problem
lies
field
revealing
mechanisms
creating
on
basis
new
technologies
for
stimulating
endogenous
regenerative
or
replacing
lost
parts
tissues
organs
with
transplanted
cells.
Of
great
interest
use
so-called
stromal
vascular
fraction
(SVF),
derived
from
autologous
adipose
tissue.
It
known
that
functions
SVF
are
angiogenetic,
antiapoptotic,
antifibrotic,
immune
regulation,
anti-inflammatory,
trophic.
This
study
presents
data
possibility
using
SVF,
targeted
regulation
its
properties
reparative
potential,
as
well
results
research
studies
restoration
damaged
ischemic
tissue
after
MI.
Journal of Neurotrauma,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
41(21-22), P. 2395 - 2412
Published: March 6, 2024
There
is
a
growing
body
of
evidence
that
the
delivery
cell-derived
exosomes
normally
involved
in
intracellular
communication
can
reduce
secondary
injury
mechanisms
after
brain
and
spinal
cord
improve
outcomes.
Exosomes
are
nanometer-sized
vesicles
released
by
Schwann
cells
may
have
neuroprotective
effects
reducing
posttraumatic
inflammatory
processes
as
well
promoting
tissue
healing
functional
recovery.
The
purpose
this
study
was
to
evaluate
beneficial
human
Schwann-cell
(hSC-Exos)
severe
model
penetrating
ballistic-like
(PBBI)
rats
investigate
on
multiple
Human
cell
processing
protocols
followed
Current
Good
Manufacturing
Practices
(cGMP)
with
exosome
extraction
purification
steps
approved
FDA
for
an
expanded
access
single
ALS
patient
IND.
Anesthetized
male
Sprague-Dawley
(280-350g)
underwent
PBBI
surgery
or
sham
procedures
starting
30
min
received
either
dose
hSC-Exos
PBS
through
jugular
vein.
At
48hrs
PBBI,
flow
cytometry
analysis
cortical
revealed
administration
reduced
number
activated
microglia
levels
caspase-1,
marker
inflammasome
activation.
Neuropathological
at
21
days
showed
treatment
significantly
overall
contusion
volume
decreased
frequency
Iba-1
positive
amoeboid
immunocytochemical
analysis.
This
systemic
TBI
reduces
histopathological
damage.
represents
clinically
relevant
cell-based
therapy
limit
detrimental
neurotrauma
other
progressive
neurological
injuries
impacting
pathophysiological
events
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Dec. 18, 2024
Exosomes,
small
extracellular
vesicles
secreted
by
cells,
have
emerged
as
focal
mediators
in
intercellular
communication
and
therapeutic
interventions
across
diverse
biomedical
fields.
Inflammatory
disorders,
including
inflammatory
bowel
disease,
acute
liver
injury,
lung
neuroinflammation,
myocardial
infarction,
are
complex
conditions
that
require
innovative
approaches.
This
review
summarizes
recent
advances
exosome-based
therapies
for
highlighting
their
potential
diagnostic
biomarkers
agents.
Exosomes
shown
promise
reducing
inflammation,
promoting
tissue
repair,
improving
functional
outcomes
preclinical
models
of
disorders.
However,
further
research
is
needed
to
overcome
the
challenges
associated
with
exosome
isolation,
characterization,
delivery,
well
fully
understand
mechanisms
action.
Current
limitations
future
directions
underscore
need
enhanced
isolation
techniques
deeper
mechanistic
insights
harness
exosomes'
full
clinical
applications.
Despite
these
challenges,
hold
great
treatment
disorders
may
offer
a
new
paradigm
personalized
medication.
Biomaterials Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
This
review
summarizes
naïve
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
in
clinical
trials
for
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
diseases
and
updates
recent
translational
preclinical
research
on
EV-loaded
drugs
or
genes
CNS
treatments.
Stem Cells International,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
2025(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Objective:
The
traumatic
pancreatitis
(TP)
has
an
alarmingly
high
mortality
rate.
Our
previous
research
demonstrated
that
human
umbilical
cord
mesenchymal
stem
cells-derived
exosomes
(hucMSC-Exs)
could
treat
TP
by
inhibiting
acinar
cell
apoptosis.
Accordingly,
the
objective
of
this
study
is
to
unravel
intricate
mechanism
behind
repair
pancreatic
injury
in
rats.
Methods:
A
gene
interaction
network
miRNA
was
constructed
based
on
Gene
Expression
Omnibus
(GEO)
database
(GSE
159814).
investigation
divided
into
two
groups,
and
appropriate
controls
were
implemented
for
each
group.
expression
levels
inflammatory
factors
group
detected,
along
with
pathological
damage
tissue,
percentage
apoptotic
cells,
key
mRNA
protein
levels.
Results:
miRNA-mRNA
suggests
hsa-miR-21-5p/phosphatase
tensin
homolog
(PTEN)
are
positioned
at
core
network.
Enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
(ELISA)
histological
examination
(HE)
results
suggest
increased
miR-21
inhibitor
EXW
whereas
it
decreased
activator
EXC
groups
compared
EX
PCR,
western
blot
(WB),
TdT-mediated
dUTP
Nick-End
Labeling
(TUNEL)
indicate
hucMSC-Ex
carrying
hsa-miR-21-5p
suppresses
excessive
activation
PTEN
phosphoinositide
3-kinase
(PI3K),
exerting
therapeutic
effects.
Conclusion:
This
discovered
effectively
inhibits
translation
via
transported
hsa-miR-21-5p,
consequently
affecting
PI3K/serine-threonine
kinase
(AKT)
signaling
pathway.
reduced
inflammation
inhibition
apoptosis
regulating
enzyme
leakage,
thereby
providing
a
effect
TP.
