IEEE Journal of Microwaves,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
3(1), P. 134 - 169
Published: Dec. 19, 2022
Advances
and
updates
in
medical
applications
utilizing
microwave
techniques
technologies
are
reviewed
this
paper.
The
article
aims
to
provide
an
overview
of
enablers
for
their
recent
progress.
emphasis
focuses
on
the
microwaves,
following
order,
1)
signal
data
communication
implants
wearables
through
human
body,
2)
electromagnetic
energy
transfer
tissues,
3)
noninvasive,
remote
or
in
situ
physical
biochemical
sensing,
4)
therapeutic
purposes
by
changing
tissue
properties
with
controlled
thermal
effects.
For
wireless
power
transfer,
implant
wearable
discussed
categories
pacemakers,
endoscopic
capsules,
brain
interfaces,
intraocular,
cardiac
intracranial
pressure
sensors,
neurostimulators,
endoluminal
implants,
artificial
retina,
smart
lenses,
cochlear
implants.
noninvasive
vital
sign
radar,
biological
cell
probing,
magnetic
resonance
imaging,
biochemical,
blood
glucose,
hydration
biomarker
sensing
introduced.
uses,
developments
ablation,
balloon
angioplasty,
hyperthermia
reviewed.
scopes
mainly
concentrate
research
development
efforts
past
20
years.
Recent
review
articles
specific
topics
cited
accomplishment
highlights
trends
deliberated.
At
end
article,
a
brief
history
IEEE
Microwave
Theory
Techniques
Society
(MTT-S)
Biological
Effects
Medical
Applications
committee
contributions
its
members
promotion
advancement
fields
chronicled.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
47, P. 295 - 306
Published: Sept. 6, 2014
"Food
addiction"
has
become
a
focus
of
interest
for
researchers
attempting
to
explain
certain
processes
and/or
behaviors
that
may
contribute
the
development
obesity.
Although
scientific
discussion
on
"food
is
in
its
nascent
stage,
it
potentially
important
implications
treatment
and
prevention
strategies.
As
such,
critically
reflect
appropriateness
term
addiction",
which
combines
concepts
"substance-based"
behavioral
addiction.
The
currently
available
evidence
substance-based
food
addiction
poor,
partly
because
systematic
clinical
translational
studies
are
still
at
an
early
stage.
We
do
however
view
both
animal
existing
human
data
as
consistent
with
existence
addictive
eating
behavior.
Accordingly,
we
stress
similar
other
can
thus
predisposed
individuals
under
specific
environmental
circumstances.
Here,
introduce
current
diagnostic
neurobiological
substance-related
non-substance-related
disorders,
highlight
similarities
dissimilarities
between
overeating.
conclude
misnomer
ambiguous
connotation
phenomenon.
instead
propose
"eating
underscore
eating;
future
research
should
attempt
define
criteria
addiction,
DSM-5
now
offers
umbrella
via
introduction
Non-Substance-Related
Disorders
within
category
Substance-Related
Addictive
Disorders.
Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
32(1), P. 22 - 35
Published: Dec. 2, 2014
The
field
of
transcranial
electrical
stimulation
(tES)
has
experienced
significant
growth
in
the
past
15
years.
One
tES
techniques
leading
this
increased
interest
is
direct
current
(tDCS).
Significant
research
efforts
have
been
devoted
to
determining
clinical
potential
tDCS
humans.
Despite
promising
results
obtained
with
basic
and
neuroscience,
further
progress
impeded
by
a
lack
clarity
on
international
regulatory
pathways.
Therefore,
group
clinician
experts
were
convened
review
use
tDCS.
This
report
reviews
status
summarizes
according
research,
off-label,
compassionate
following
countries:
Australia,
Brazil,
France,
Germany,
India,
Iran,
Italy,
Portugal,
South
Korea,
Taiwan,
US.
Research
use,
off
label
treatment,
are
employed
most
countries
reviewed
study.
It
critical
that
global
or
local
effort
organized
pursue
definite
evidence
either
approve
regulate
restrict
practice
basis
adequate
randomized
controlled
treatment
trials.
Cerebral Cortex,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
28(7), P. 2636 - 2646
Published: April 9, 2018
A
single
transcranial
direct
current
stimulation
(tDCS)
session
applied
over
the
dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortex
(DLFPC)
can
be
associated
with
procognitive
effects.
Furthermore,
repeated
DLPFC
tDCS
sessions
are
under
investigation
as
a
new
therapeutic
tool
for
range
of
neuropsychiatric
conditions.
possible
mechanism
explaining
such
beneficial
effects
is
modulation
meso-cortico-limbic
dopamine
transmission.
We
explored
spatial
and
temporal
neurobiological
bifrontal
on
subcortical
transmission
during
immediately
after
stimulation.
In
double
blind
sham-controlled
study,
32
healthy
subjects
randomly
received
either
active
(20
min,
2
mA;
n
=
14)
or
sham
(n
18)
dynamic
positron
emission
tomography
scan
using
[11C]raclopride
binding.
During
period,
no
significant
effect
was
observed.
After
compared
tDCS,
induced
decrease
in
binding
potential
ratio
striatum,
suggesting
an
increase
extracellular
part
striatum
involved
reward–motivation
network.
The
present
study
provides
first
evidence
that
induces
neurotransmitter
release
polysynaptic
connected
areas.
Therefore,
levels
activity
reactivity
should
element
to
consider
general
hypothesis
brain
by
tDCS.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
1327(1), P. 79 - 93
Published: July 28, 2014
Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(TMS)
is
a
noninvasive
method
of
brain
used
to
treat
variety
neuropsychiatric
disorders,
but
still
in
the
early
stages
study
as
addiction
treatment.
We
identified
19
human
studies
using
repetitive
TMS
(rTMS)
manipulate
drug
craving
or
use,
which
exposed
total
316
adults
active
rTMS.
Nine
involved
tobacco,
six
alcohol,
three
cocaine,
and
one
methamphetamine.
The
majority
targeted
high‐frequency
(5–20
Hz;
expected
stimulate
neuronal
activity)
rTMS
pulses
dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortex.
Only
five
were
controlled
clinical
trials:
two
four
nicotine
trials
found
decreased
cigarette
smoking;
cocaine
trial
use.
Many
aspects
optimal
treatment
remain
unknown,
including
parameters,
duration
treatment,
relationship
cue‐induced
craving,
concomitant
mechanisms
potential
therapeutic
action
treating
addictions
are
poorly
understood,
may
involve
increased
dopamine
glutamate
function
corticomesolimbic
circuits
modulation
neural
activity
that
mediate
cognitive
processes
relevant
addiction,
such
response
inhibition,
selective
attention,
reactivity
drug‐associated
cues.
must
be
considered
experimental
at
this
time,
appears
have
promising
future.
