Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 288 - 298

Published: Feb. 27, 2019

Language: Английский

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A Systematic Review of the Application And Correlates of YFAS-Diagnosed ‘Food Addiction' in Humans: Are Eating-Related ‘Addictions' a Cause for Concern or Empty Concepts?

Obesity Facts, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. 386 - 401

Published: Jan. 1, 2015

The proposition of so-called ‘food addiction' (FA) in the scientific literature has stimulated a recent surge research and debate. concept FA is controversial, opinion divided. Many findings depend upon use single instrument called Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS). This review systematically examined FA, as defined by YFAS, reported 40 experimental human studies published or after 2009. results indicated that much makes supposition food addiction an accepted neurobiological disease, consistent with substance disorders; interpretation based on very limited data. raises question to whether those individuals who meet YFAS criteria for diagnosis are truly ‘addicted' if they experience significant impairment their psychological wellbeing quality life would be expected clinically recognised addictive disorders. At present time, little investigated extent which psychometric self-assessment symptomatology can elucidate harmful relationship target foods diet. A positive usually positively associated BMI strongly linked presence binge eating, but certain exceptions within were revealed. Further clarification required sufficiently different existing conditions traits warrant classification distinctive disease phenotype rather than expression strong habits preferences.

Language: Английский

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Postharvest losses of fruit and vegetables during retail and in consumers’ homes: Quantifications, causes, and means of prevention

Postharvest Biology and Technology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 139, P. 135 - 149

Published: Feb. 3, 2018

Language: Английский

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The neurobiological basis of binge-eating disorder

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 63, P. 223 - 238

Published: Feb. 2, 2016

Relatively little is known about the neuropathophysiology of binge-eating disorder (BED). Here, evidence from neuroimaging, neurocognitive, genetics, and animal studies are reviewed to synthesize our current understanding pathophysiology BED. Binge-eating may be conceptualized as an impulsive/compulsive disorder, with altered reward sensitivity food-related attentional biases. Neuroimaging suggest there corticostriatal circuitry alterations in BED similar those observed substance abuse, including function prefrontal, insular, orbitofrontal cortices striatum. Human genetics that changes neurotransmitter networks, dopaminergic opioidergic systems, associated behaviors. Overall, suggests related maladaptation regulating motivation impulse control found other disorders. Further needed understand how activity neurocircuitry pharmacotherapies influence these systems reduce symptoms.

Language: Английский

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What Is the Evidence for “Food Addiction?” A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 477 - 477

Published: April 12, 2018

The diagnostic construct of “food addiction” is a highly controversial subject. current systematic review the first to evaluate empirical studies examining in humans and animals. Studies were included if they quantitative, peer-reviewed, English language. 52 identified (35 articles) qualitatively assessed determine extent which their findings indicated following addiction characteristics relation food: brain reward dysfunction, preoccupation, risky use, impaired control, tolerance/withdrawal, social impairment, chronicity, relapse. Each pre-defined criterion was supported by at least one study. Brain dysfunction control largest number (n = 21 n 12, respectively); whereas use fewest 1). Overall, support food as unique consistent with criteria for other substance disorder diagnoses. evidence further suggests that certain foods, particularly processed foods added sweeteners fats, demonstrate greatest addictive potential. Though both behavioral substance-related factors are implicated process, symptoms appear better fit than addiction. Future research should explore social/role associated potential interventions prevention treatment.

Language: Английский

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Food-Related Impulsivity in Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder—A Systematic Update of the Evidence

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 9(11), P. 1170 - 1170

Published: Oct. 27, 2017

The specific eating pattern of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) patients has provoked the assumption that BED might represent a phenotype within obesity spectrum is characterized by increased impulsivity. Following guidelines PRISMA statement (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses), we here provide update on evidence food-related impulsivity in obese individuals, with without BED, as well normal-weight individuals. We separately analyzed potential group differences components reward sensitivity rash-spontaneous behavior. Our search resulted twenty experimental studies high methodological quality. synthesis latest consolidates conclusions drawn our initial review represents distinct Rash-spontaneous behavior general, specifically towards food, while food-specific also individuals but potentially to lesser degree. A major next step research entails investigation sub-domains temporal inhibitory control obesity. Based impaired affected profit from interventions address impulsive

Language: Английский

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Shared and unique mechanisms underlying binge eating disorder and addictive disorders

Clinical Psychology Review, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 125 - 139

Published: Feb. 4, 2016

Language: Английский

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Food addiction and associations with mental health symptoms: a systematic review with meta‐analysis

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 31(4), P. 544 - 572

Published: Jan. 25, 2018

Abstract Background The present study systematically reviewed the literature aiming to determine relationships between food addiction, as measured by Yale Food Addiction Scale ( YFAS ), and mental health symptoms. Methods Nine databases were searched using keywords. Studies included if they reported: (i) diagnosis or symptom score (ii) a outcome, well association (ii). In total, 51 studies included. Results Through meta‐analysis, mean prevalence of addiction was 16.2%, with an average 3.3 (range 2.85–3.92) symptoms being reported. Subanalyses revealed that number in populations seeking treatment for weight loss 3.01 2.65–3.37) this higher groups disordered eating (mean 5.2 3.6–6.7). Significant positive correlations found binge [mean r = 0.602 (0.557–0.643), P < 0.05], depression, anxiety 0.459 (0.358–0.550), 0.483 (0.228–0.676), 0.05, respectively]. Conclusions A significant, relationship exists symptoms, although results highlight complexity relationship.

Language: Английский

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The impact of sugar consumption on stress driven, emotional and addictive behaviors

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 103, P. 178 - 199

Published: May 21, 2019

In 2016 the World Health Organization reported 39% of world's adult population (over 18 y) was overweight, with western countries such as Australia and United States America at 64.5% 67.9% respectively. Overconsumption high fat/sugar containing food beverages contribute to development obesity. Neural plasticity that occurs a result long term sugar consumption has been shown reduce impulse control therefore lower ability resist foods contributing obesity epidemic. There is significant overlap between neural pathways involved in emotions guide behavioural responses survival situations those regulating overconsumption highly palatable food. This suggests having clearer understanding role stress will lead novel therapeutic strategies. Sucrose activates mesocorticolimbic system manner synonymous substances abuse. overwhelming evidence support hypothesis sucrose results pathophysiological consequences morphological neuronal changes, altered emotional processing modified behaviour rodent human models. this comprehensive review, we examined >300 studies investigating interaction consumption, emotions. Preclinical clinical trials stress, anxiety, depression fear are reviewed. Importantly, synergy neurobiology addressed. review summarizes neurochemical changes adaptations ö including dopaminergic influence emotion following consumption.

Language: Английский

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Toward a unified theory of childhood trauma and psychosis: A comprehensive review of epidemiological, clinical, neuropsychological and biological findings

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 75, P. 393 - 406

Published: Feb. 17, 2017

Language: Английский

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