Functionality of Sugars in Foods and Health

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 433 - 470

Published: March 31, 2016

Abstract Overweight and obesity are global health problems that affect more than 1.9 billion adults who overweight, of these 600 million obese. In the United States, 60% population. Critical to statistics is association with increased risk cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome among other noncommunicable diseases. Many factors, including sugars, have been charged as potential causes. However, overweight their attendant continue increase despite fact there a decline in consumption sugars. Sugars vary types structure. From food science perspective, sugars present an array attributes extend beyond taste, flavor, color, texture aspects such structure shelf‐life foods. public considerable controversy about effect sugar relative satiety, digestion, This comprehensive overview from experts science, nutrition health, sensory biochemistry describes technical functional roles production, provides balanced evidence‐based assessment literature addresses many prevalent issues commonly ascribed by media, consumer groups, international scientific organizations, policy makers. The preponderance evidence indicates does not contribute adverse outcomes when consumed under isocaloric conditions. generally indicates, noted 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, sugar, like any caloric macronutrient, protein fat, excess leads conditions related comorbidities. More recently, 2015‐2020 for Americans recommended limiting dietary 10% total energy effort reduced

Language: Английский

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Food addiction: a valid concept?

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 43(13), P. 2506 - 2513

Published: Sept. 6, 2018

Can food be addictive? What does it mean to a addict? Do common underlying neurobiological mechanisms contribute drug and addiction? These vexing questions have been the subject of considerable interest debate in recent years, driven large part by major health concerns associated with dramatically increasing body weights rates obesity United States, Europe, other regions developed economies. No clear consensus has yet emerged on validity concept addiction whether some individuals who struggle control their intake can considered addicts. Some, including Fletcher, argued that is unsupported, as many defining features are not seen context feeding behaviors. Others, Kenny included, share similar may reflect neural mechanisms. Here, Fletcher argue merits these opposing positions addiction.

Language: Английский

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The role of reward circuitry and food addiction in the obesity epidemic: An update

Biological Psychology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 131, P. 31 - 42

Published: Dec. 21, 2016

Language: Английский

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Binge eating disorder

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: March 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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Is Food Addictive? A Review of the Science

Annual Review of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 387 - 410

Published: June 21, 2021

As ultraprocessed foods (i.e., composed of mostly cheap industrial sources dietary energy and nutrients plus additives) have become more abundant in our food supply, rates obesity diet-related disease increased simultaneously. Food addiction has emerged as a phenotype significant empirical interest within the past decade, conceptualized most commonly substance-based to foods. We detail (a) how approaches used understand substance-use disorders may be applicable for operationalizing addiction, (b) evidence reinforcing potential ingredients that drive compulsive consumptions, (c) utility conceptualizing disorder versus behavioral (d) clinical policy implications follow if exhibit an addictive potential. Broadly, existing literature suggests biological parallels between substance addictions, with high both added fat refined carbohydrates being implicated addictive-like eating. Future research priorities are also discussed, including need longitudinal studies negative impact on children.

Language: Английский

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Eating Disorders and Problematic Eating Behaviours Before and After Bariatric Surgery: Characterization, Assessment and Association with Treatment Outcomes

European Eating Disorders Review, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 417 - 425

Published: Aug. 27, 2015

Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that bariatric surgery candidates are likely to present with eating disorders (EDs) and/or problematic behaviours (EBs), and research these problems may persist or develop after surgery. While there is growing indicating EDs EBs impact outcomes, the definitions assessment methods used lack consensus, findings have been mixed. The aims of this paper were (1) summarize existing literature on pre‐operative post‐operative EBs; (2) discuss terms, measures across studies; (3) consider extent which presence outcomes. We highlight importance investigators utilizing consistent methodologies studies. © 2015 Authors. European Eating Disorders Review published by Association John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Language: Английский

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Obesity: Pathophysiology and Intervention

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 6(11), P. 5153 - 5183

Published: Nov. 18, 2014

Obesity presents a major health hazard of the 21st century. It promotes co-morbid diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types cancer, and osteoarthritis. Excessive energy intake, physical inactivity, genetic susceptibility are main causal factors for obesity, while gene mutations, endocrine disorders, medication, or psychiatric illnesses may be underlying causes in some cases. The development maintenance obesity involve central pathophysiological mechanisms impaired brain circuit regulation neuroendocrine hormone dysfunction. Dieting exercise offer mainstays treatment, anti-obesity drugs taken conjunction to reduce appetite fat absorption. Bariatric surgeries performed overtly obese patients lessen stomach volume nutrient absorption, induce faster satiety. This review provides summary literature on studies discusses relevant therapeutic strategies managing obesity.

Language: Английский

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Food Addiction, Binge Eating Disorder, and Obesity: Is There a Relationship?

Behavioral Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 54 - 54

Published: Aug. 14, 2017

Existing research suggests that there is an overlap between binge eating disorder (BED) and the construct of 'food addiction' (FA). The objective this study was to determine overlapping features BED FA through a comparison individual scales commonly used tools including Binge Eating Scale (BES) Yale Food Addiction (YFAS) in sample Australian adults. Adults (>18 years age) were invited complete anonymous online survey on FA. assessed BES addictive behaviours YFAS (n = 1344). prevalence severity both increased across weight categories. overall correlation total score from symptoms r 0.76, p < 0.001; for females it 0.77, 0.001, males 0.65, 0.001. Total emotion factor most often associated with symptoms, as demonstrated produce stronger correlations symptoms. In contrast, behaviour less strongly majority <0.6. This demonstrates FA, highlights possible unique differences forms disordered eating.

Language: Английский

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Food addiction and obesity: unnecessary medicalization of hedonic overeating

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 493 - 498

Published: May 26, 2017

Language: Английский

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The Macronutrients, Appetite, and Energy Intake

Annual Review of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 36(1), P. 73 - 103

Published: July 17, 2016

Each of the macronutrients—carbohydrate, protein, and fat—has a unique set properties that influences health, but all are source energy. The optimal balance their contribution to diet has been long-standing matter debate. Over past half century, thinking progressed regarding mechanisms by which each macronutrient may contribute energy balance. At beginning this period, metabolic signals initiated eating events (i.e., determined frequency) were emphasized. This was followed an orientation gut endocrine purportedly modulate size portion size). Most recently, research attention directed brain, where reward elicited macronutrients viewed as potentially problematic (e.g., disordered eating). point, predictive power for intake remains limited.

Language: Английский

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