Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
43, P. 100791 - 100791
Published: April 27, 2020
Reduced
activation
of
positive
valence
systems
(PVS),
including
blunted
neural
and
physiological
responses
to
pleasant
stimuli
rewards,
has
been
shown
prospectively
predict
the
development
psychopathology.
Yet,
little
is
known
about
how
reduced
PVS
emerges
across
or
what
implications
it
for
prevention.
We
review
genetic,
temperament,
parenting,
naturalistic
laboratory
stress
research
on
measures
outline
developmentally-informed
models
trajectories
activation.
function
partly
heritable
appears
reflect
individual
differences
in
early-emerging
temperament
traits.
Although
lab-induced
stressors
blunt
activation,
effects
parenting
are
mixed
depend
type
stressor,
developmental
timing,
interactions
amongst
risk
factors.
propose
that
there
may
be
multiple,
dynamic
which
combinations
genes,
exposure
severe,
prolonged,
uncontrollable
exert
direct
interactive
function.
Critically,
these
factors
alter
and/or
sensitivity
proximal
stressors.
Distinct
converge
such
proceeds
along
a
typical,
accelerated,
chronically
low,
stress-reactive
trajectory.
Finally,
we
present
directions
future
with
translational
implications.
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
42, P. 100753 - 100753
Published: Jan. 22, 2020
Adolescence
may
mark
a
sensitive
period
for
the
development
of
higher-order
cognition
through
enhanced
plasticity
cortical
circuits.
At
same
time,
animal
research
indicates
that
pubertal
hormones
represent
one
key
mechanism
closing
periods
in
associative
neocortex,
thereby
resulting
decreased
circuits
adolescence.
In
present
review,
we
set
out
to
solve
some
existing
ambiguity
and
examine
how
hormonal
changes
associated
with
onset
modulate
during
We
build
on
age-comparative
cognitive
training
studies
explore
potential
change
neural
resources
behavioral
repertoire
differs
across
age
groups.
review
human
brain
imaging
studies,
which
demonstrate
link
between
development,
neurochemical
mechanisms
plasticity,
hormones.
Overall,
existent
literature
play
pivotal
role
regulating
experience-dependent
However,
extent
increase
or
decrease
depend
specific
domain,
sex,
networks.
discuss
implications
future
suggest
systematical
longitudinal
assessments
together
interventions
be
fruitful
way
toward
better
understanding
adolescent
plasticity.
As
is
decreasing
developed
societies,
this
also
have
important
educational
clinical
implications,
especially
respect
effects
earlier
puberty
has
learning.
Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
8(9), P. 163 - 163
Published: Aug. 28, 2018
Hormones
of
the
hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal
(HPG)
axis
that
regulate
reproductive
function
have
multiple
effects
on
development,
maintenance
and
brain.
Sex
differences
in
cognitive
functioning
been
reported
both
health
disease,
which
may
be
partly
attributed
to
sex
hormones.
The
aim
current
paper
was
provide
a
theoretical
review
how
hormones
influence
across
lifespan
as
well
an
overview
literature
role
decline,
specifically
relation
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD).
A
summary
hormone
sex-based
interventions
for
enhancing
and/or
reducing
risk
is
also
provided.
Human Brain Mapping,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
40(13), P. 3769 - 3783
Published: May 17, 2019
Abstract
Adolescence
is
the
transitional
period
between
childhood
and
adulthood,
characterized
by
substantial
changes
in
reward‐driven
behavior.
Although
behavior
supported
subcortical‐medial
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC)
connectivity,
development
of
these
circuits
not
well
understood.
Particularly,
while
puberty
has
been
hypothesized
to
accelerate
organization
activation
functional
neural
circuits,
relationship
age,
sex,
pubertal
change,
connectivity
hardly
studied.
Here,
we
present
an
analysis
resting‐state
subcortical
structures
medial
PFC,
661
scans
273
participants
8
29
years,
using
a
three‐wave
longitudinal
design.
Generalized
additive
mixed
model
procedures
were
used
assess
effects
self‐reported
status
on
(nucleus
accumbens,
caudate,
putamen,
hippocampus,
amygdala)
cortical
(dorsal
anterior
cingulate,
ventral
subcallosal
cortex,
frontal
cortex).
We
observed
age‐related
strengthening
subcortico‐subcortical
cortico‐cortical
connectivity.
Subcortical–cortical
such
as,
nucleus
accumbens—frontal
caudate—dorsal
cingulate
however,
weakened
across
age.
Model‐based
comparisons
revealed
that
for
specific
connections
described
developmental
change
better
than
chronological
This
was
particularly
case
subcortical–cortical
distinctively
boys
girls.
Together,
findings
indicate
network
with
development.
These
may
maximize
efficiency
interregional
communication
set
stage
further
inquiry
biological
factors
driving
adolescent
changes.
