Bipolar Disorder

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 383(1), P. 58 - 66

Published: July 1, 2020

Bipolar disorder has a yearly prevalence of 2%. Other mental and physical conditions occur with bipolar disorder, which is also associated an increased risk suicide. Treatment complex relies on lithium or intermittent use antipsychotic drugs.

Language: Английский

---

The foundations and development of lipidomics

Journal of Lipid Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 63(2), P. 100164 - 100164

Published: Dec. 22, 2021

For over a century, the importance of lipid metabolism in biology was recognized but difficult to mechanistically understand due lack sensitive and robust technologies for identification quantification molecular species. The enabling technological breakthroughs emerged 1980s with development soft ionization methods (Electrospray Ionization Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization) that could identify quantify intact individual These laid foundations what be later named field lipidomics. Further innovative advances multistage fragmentation, dramatic improvements resolution mass accuracy, multiplexed sample analysis fueled early growth lipidomics through 1990s. exponentially grew use variety strategic approaches, which included direct infusion, chromatographic separation, charge-switch derivatization, facilitated access low abundance species lipidome. In this Thematic Review, we provide broad perspective foundations, advances, predicted future directions field.

Language: Английский

---

Peripheral levels of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β across the mood spectrum in bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis of mean differences and variability

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 97, P. 193 - 203

Published: July 28, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Impact of mental disorders on clinical outcomes of physical diseases: an umbrella review assessing population attributable fraction and generalized impact fraction

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 86 - 104

Published: Jan. 14, 2023

Empirical evidence indicates a significant bidirectional association between mental disorders and physical diseases, but the prospective impact of men­tal on clinical outcomes diseases has not been comprehensively outlined. In this PRISMA‐ COSMOS‐E‐compliant umbrella review, we searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Joanna Briggs Institute Database Systematic Reviews Implementation Reports, up to March 15, 2022, identify systematic reviews with meta‐analysis that examined any disorder diseases. Primary were disease‐specific mortality all‐cause mortality. Secondary incidence, functioning and/or disability, symptom severity, quality life, recurrence or progression, major cardiac events, treatment‐related outcomes. Additional inclusion criteria further applied primary studies. Random effect models employed, along I 2 statistic, 95% prediction intervals, small‐study effects test, excess significance bias risk (ROBIS) assessment. Associations classified into five credibility classes (I IV non‐significant) according established criteria, complemented by sensitivity subgroup analyses examine robustness main analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using new package for conducting ( https://metaumbrella.org ). Population attributable fraction (PAF) generalized (GIF) then calculated class I‐III associations. Forty‐seven meta‐analysis, encompassing 251 non‐overlapping studies reporting 74 associations, included (68% at low ROBIS assessment). Altogether, 43 (disease‐specific mortality: n=17; n=26) 31 secondary investigated. Although 72% associations statistically (p<0.05), only two showed convincing (class I) evidence: depressive in patients heart failure (hazard ratio, HR=1.44, CI: 1.26‐1.65), schizophrenia cardiovascular (risk RR=1.54, 1.36‐1.75). Six highly suggestive II) those diabetes mellitus (HR=2.84, 2.00‐4.03) kidney (HR=1.41, 1.31‐1.51); events myocardial infarction (odds OR=1.52, 1.36‐1.70); dementia (HR=2.11, 1.77‐2.52); alcohol use decompensated liver cirrhosis hepatitis C (RR=3.15, 2.87‐3.46); cancer (standardized mean SMR=1.74, 1.41‐2.15). Sensitivity/subgroup confirmed these results. The largest PAFs 30.56% (95% 27.67‐33.49) C, 26.81% 16.61‐37.67) mellitus, 13.68% 9.87‐17.58) infarction, 11.99% 8.29‐15.84) 11.59% 9.09‐14.14) failure. GIFs preventive capacity This review demonstrates increase poor outcome several Prevention targeting – particularly disorders, can reduce incidence adverse people These findings inform practice trans‐speciality approaches cutting across psychiatric somatic medicine.

Language: Английский

---

Patterns of Association between Depressive Symptoms and Chronic Medical Morbidities in Older Adults

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 68(8), P. 1834 - 1841

Published: May 13, 2020

OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between depressive symptoms and several medical morbidities, their combination, in a large older population. DESIGN Cross‐sectional study of baseline data from ASPirin Reducing Events Elderly (ASPREE) trial. SETTING Multicentric conducted Australia United States. PARTICIPANTS A total 19,110 adults (mean age = 75 years [standard deviation ±4.5]). MEASUREMENTS Depressive were measured using Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES‐D 10) scale. Medical morbidities defined according to condition‐specific methods. Logistic regression was used calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) test associations before after accounting possible confounders. RESULTS significantly associated obesity (OR 1.19; CI 1.07‐1.32), diabetes 1.22; 1.05‐1.42), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) 1.41; 1.28‐1.57), metabolic syndrome 1.16; 1.03‐1.29), osteoarthritis 1.27‐1.57), respiratory conditions 1.25; 1.10‐1.42), history cancer 1.05‐1.34), Parkinson’s 2.56; 1.83‐3.56), polypharmacy 1.60; 1.44‐1.79), multimorbidity 1.29; 1.12‐1.49). No significant observed hypertension, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia, gout ( P > .05). dose‐response relationship evident number comorbidities prevalence depression 1.18; 1.13‐1.22). CONCLUSION Late‐life are there appears be cumulative effect somatic diseases on depression. These findings augment evidence complex mental physical health an otherwise healthy population might guide clinicians toward early recognition high‐risk individuals. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1834‐1841, 2020.

Language: Английский

---

Endothelial dysfunction in neuroprogressive disorders—causes and suggested treatments

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Oct. 19, 2020

Abstract Background Potential routes whereby systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may drive the development of endothelial atherosclerosis, even in an environment low cholesterol, are examined. Main text Key molecular players involved regulation cell function described, including PECAM-1, VE-cadherin, VEGFRs, SFK, Rho GEF TRIO, RAC-1, ITAM, SHP-2, MAPK/ERK, STAT-3, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, eNOS, nitric oxide, miRNAs, KLF-4 KLF-2. The key roles platelet activation, xanthene oxidase myeloperoxidase genesis activation detailed. following circulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrogen pro-inflammatory cytokines then described: paracrine signalling by hydrogen peroxide, inhibition eNOS increased levels ROS, compromised dynamics, loss calcium ion homeostasis inactivation SIRT-1-mediated pathways. Next, cellular redox is considered, further aspects peroxide signalling, pathological consequences elevated S-nitrosylation hypernitrosylation transcription atherogenic miRNAs. These applied to neuroprogressive disorders considering potential generators major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder schizophrenia: NF-κB; activation; miRs; myeloperoxidase; uric acid; stress, nitrosative dysfunction. Conclusions Finally, on basis above mechanisms, details given treatment options for mitigating disorders.

Language: Английский

---

Effect of Aspirin vs Placebo on the Prevention of Depression in Older People

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 77(10), P. 1012 - 1012

Published: June 3, 2020

Depression is associated with increased inflammation, which may precede its onset, especially in older people. Some preclinical data suggest potential antidepressant effects of aspirin, supported by limited observational suggesting lower rates depression individuals treated aspirin. There currently appears to be no evidence-based pharmacotherapies for the primary prevention depression.To determine whether low-dose aspirin (100 mg) reduces risk healthy adults.This double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was a substudy Aspirin Reducing Events Elderly (ASPREE) trial, examined if life span, defined as survival free dementia and disability. The prespecified secondary outcome depression. Individuals all races/ethnicities than 70 years Australia, well white black Hispanic 65 United States, were included.Participants mg daily) or placebo, median (interquartile range) follow-up 4.7 (3.5-5.6) years.The proxy measure major depressive disorder score 8 more on Center Epidemiologic Studies 10-item (CES-D-10) scale.Of 19 114 participants enrolled 9525 received 9589 placebo. mean (SD) age 75.2 (4.0) group 75.1 (4.5) placebo group; 9531 (56.4%) women. Participants' demographics characteristics at baseline similar between groups. A total 79 886 annual CES-D-10 measurements taken, 4.2 per participant. significant differences visits proportions scores incidence rate new 70.4 events 1000 person-years 69.1 (hazard ratio, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.96-1.08]; P = .54).Low-dose did not prevent this large-scale study otherwise adults.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01038583.

Language: Английский

---

Ketogenic diet as a metabolic treatment for mental illness

Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(5), P. 269 - 274

Published: Aug. 6, 2020

Purpose of review Ketogenic diets, which have been used to treat drug-refractory paediatric epilepsy for over 100 years, are becoming increasingly popular the treatment other neurological conditions, including mental illnesses. We aim explain how ketogenic diets can improve illness biopathology and recent clinical literature. Recent findings Psychiatric such as schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder binge eating disorder, neurometabolic diseases that share several common mechanistic biopathologies. These include glucose hypometabolism, neurotransmitter imbalances, oxidative stress inflammation. There is strong evidence address these four fundamental diseases, now complementary patients’ symptoms. Summary It important researchers clinicians made aware trajectory implementation in illnesses, a metabolic intervention provides not only novel form symptomatic treatment, but one may be able directly underlying disease mechanisms and, so doing, also burdensome comorbidities (see Video, Supplementary Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/COE/A16, summarizes contents this review).

Language: Английский

---

Progressive brain structural abnormality in depression assessed with MR imaging by using causal network analysis

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 2146 - 2155

Published: Sept. 29, 2021

Abstract Background As a neuroprogressive illness, depression is accompanied by brain structural abnormality that extends to many regions. However, the progressive alteration pattern remains unknown. Methods To elaborate of according illness duration, we recruited 195 never-treated first-episode patients with and 130 healthy controls (HCs) undergoing T1-weighted MRI scans. Voxel-based morphometry method was adopted measure gray matter volume (GMV) for each participant. Patients were first divided into three stages length then explored stage-specific GMV alterations causal effect relationship between them using covariance network (CaSCN) analysis. Results Overall, presented compared HCs. Regions including hippocampus, thalamus ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) at onset illness. Then as advanced, others regions began present alterations. These results suggested originated from vmPFC expanded other The CaSCN analysis revealed hippocampus corporately exerted on such nucleus accumbens, precuneus cerebellum. In addition, in also potentially causally related dorsolateral frontal gyrus. Conclusions Consistent hypothesis, our reveal morphological originating further elucidate possible details about disease progression depression.

Language: Английский

---

Nutritional ketosis as an intervention to relieve astrogliosis: Possible therapeutic applications in the treatment of neurodegenerative and neuroprogressive disorders

European Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 63(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Abstract Nutritional ketosis, induced via either the classical ketogenic diet or use of emulsified medium-chain triglycerides, is an established treatment for pharmaceutical resistant epilepsy in children and more recently adults. In addition, oral compounds, fractionated coconut oil, very low carbohydrate intake, ketone monoester supplementation has been reported to be potentially helpful mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autistic spectrum disorder. these other neurodegenerative neuroprogressive disorders, there are detrimental effects oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation on neuronal function. However, they also adversely impact neurone–glia interactions, disrupting role microglia astrocytes central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Astrocytes main site CNS fatty acid oxidation; resulting bodies constitute important source fuel neurones environment glucose restriction. Importantly, lactate shuttle between dependent glycogenolysis glycolysis, from fact that astrocytic filopodia responsible release too narrow accommodate mitochondria. The entry into acids, as a result nutritional glutamate–glutamine cycle, glutamate synthase activity, function vesicular transporters, EAAT, Na + , K -ATPase, ir 4.1, aquaporin-4, Cx34 ATP channels, well astrogliosis. These mechanisms detailed it suggested would tend mitigate changes seen many disorders. Hence, hypothesized ketosis may have therapeutic applications such

Language: Английский

---