NeuroImage,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
231, P. 117850 - 117850
Published: Feb. 15, 2021
Consciousness
is
a
mental
characteristic
of
the
human
mind,
whose
exact
neural
features
remain
unclear.
We
aimed
to
identify
critical
nodes
within
brain's
global
functional
network
that
support
consciousness.
To
end,
we
collected
large
fMRI
resting
state
dataset
with
subjects
in
at
least
one
following
three
consciousness
states:
preserved
(including
healthy
awake
state,
and
patients
brain
injury
history
(BI)
fully
conscious),
reduced
N1-sleep
minimally
conscious
state),
lost
N3-sleep
anesthesia,
unresponsive
wakefulness
state).
also
included
unique
rapid
eye
movement
sleep
(REM-sleep)
test
for
presence
minimum
movements
sensory
input.
nodes,
i.e.,
hubs,
network,
used
graph-theoretical
measure
degree
centrality
conjoined
ROI-based
connectivity.
Using
these
methods,
identified
various
higher-order
motor
regions
including
supplementary
area,
bilateral
supramarginal
gyrus
(part
inferior
parietal
lobule),
supragenual/dorsal
anterior
cingulate
cortex,
left
middle
temporal
gyrus,
could
be
important
hubs
was
significantly
when
or
absent.
Additionally,
sensorimotor
circuit,
which
connectivity
among
correlated
levels
across
different
groups,
remained
present
REM-sleep
group.
Taken
together,
demonstrated
forming
integration
circuit
are
involved
supporting
network.
That
offers
novel
more
mechanism-guided
treatment
targets
disorders
Communications Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
4(1)
Published: Aug. 16, 2021
Abstract
We
process
and
integrate
multiple
timescales
into
one
meaningful
whole.
Recent
evidence
suggests
that
the
brain
displays
a
complex
multiscale
temporal
organization.
Different
regions
exhibit
different
as
described
by
concept
of
intrinsic
neural
(INT);
however,
their
function
mechanisms
remains
unclear.
review
recent
literature
on
INT
propose
they
are
key
for
input
processing.
Specifically,
shared
across
species,
i.e.,
sharing.
This
role
in
encoding
inputs
through
matching
inputs’
stochastics
with
ongoing
statistics
brain’s
activity,
encoding.
Following
simulation
empirical
data,
we
point
out
integration
versus
segregation
sampling
deeply
grounds
within
its
environmental
evolutionary
context.
It
carries
major
implications
understanding
mental
features
psychiatric
disorders,
well
going
beyond
integrating
artificial
intelligence.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 26, 2023
Summary
Different
theories
explain
how
subjective
experience
arises
from
brain
activity
1,2
.
These
have
independently
accrued
evidence,
yet,
confirmation
bias
and
dependence
on
design
choices
hamper
progress
in
the
field
3
Here,
we
present
an
open
science
adversarial
collaboration
which
directly
juxtaposes
Integrated
Information
Theory
(IIT)
4,5
Global
Neuronal
Workspace
(GNWT)
6–10
,
employing
a
theory-neutral
consortium
approach
11,12
We
investigate
neural
correlates
of
content
duration
visual
experience.
The
theory
proponents
developed
preregistered
experimental
design,
divergent
predictions,
expected
outcomes,
their
interpretation
12
256
human
subjects
viewed
suprathreshold
stimuli
for
variable
durations
while
was
measured
with
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging,
magnetoencephalography,
electrocorticography.
find
information
about
conscious
visual,
ventro-temporal
inferior
frontal
cortex,
sustained
responses
occipital
lateral
temporal
cortex
reflecting
stimulus
duration,
content-specific
synchronization
between
early
areas.
results
confirm
some
predictions
IIT
GNWT,
substantially
challenging
both
theories:
IIT,
lack
within
posterior
contradicts
claim
that
network
connectivity
specifies
consciousness.
GNWT
is
challenged
by
general
ignition
at
offset
limited
representation
certain
dimensions
prefrontal
cortex.
Beyond
themselves,
alternative
to
advance
cognitive
neuroscience
through
principled,
theory-driven,
collaborative
effort.
highlight
challenges
change
people’s
mind
13
need
quantitative
framework
integrating
evidence
systematic
testing
building.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 30, 2025
Different
theories
explain
how
subjective
experience
arises
from
brain
activity1,2.
These
have
independently
accrued
evidence,
but
not
been
directly
compared3.
Here
we
present
an
open
science
adversarial
collaboration
juxtaposing
integrated
information
theory
(IIT)4,5
and
global
neuronal
workspace
(GNWT)6-10
via
a
theory-neutral
consortium11-13.
The
proponents
the
consortium
developed
preregistered
experimental
design,
divergent
predictions,
expected
outcomes
interpretation
thereof12.
Human
participants
(n
=
256)
viewed
suprathreshold
stimuli
for
variable
durations
while
neural
activity
was
measured
with
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging,
magnetoencephalography
intracranial
electroencephalography.
We
found
about
conscious
content
in
visual,
ventrotemporal
inferior
frontal
cortex,
sustained
responses
occipital
lateral
temporal
cortex
reflecting
stimulus
duration,
content-specific
synchronization
between
early
visual
areas.
results
align
some
predictions
of
IIT
GNWT,
substantially
challenging
key
tenets
both
theories.
For
IIT,
lack
within
posterior
contradicts
claim
that
network
connectivity
specifies
consciousness.
GNWT
is
challenged
by
general
ignition
at
offset
limited
representation
certain
dimensions
prefrontal
cortex.
challenges
extend
to
other
consciousness
share
tested
here14-17.
Beyond
theories,
alternative
approach
advance
cognitive
neuroscience
through
principled,
theory-driven,
collaborative
research
highlight
need
quantitative
framework
systematic
testing
building.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 106053 - 106053
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
As
the
field
of
consciousness
science
matures,
research
agenda
has
expanded
from
an
initial
focus
on
neural
correlates
consciousness,
to
developing
and
testing
theories
consciousness.
Several
have
been
put
forward,
each
aiming
elucidate
relationship
between
brain
function.
However,
there
is
ongoing,
intense
debate
regarding
whether
these
examine
same
phenomenon.
And,
despite
ongoing
efforts,
it
seems
like
so
far
failed
converge
around
any
single
theory,
instead
exhibits
significant
polarization.
To
advance
this
discussion,
proponents
five
prominent
consciousness-Global
Neuronal
Workspace
Theory
(GNWT),
Higher-Order
Theories
(HOT),
Integrated
Information
(IIT),
Recurrent
Processing
(RPT),
Predictive
(PP)-engaged
in
a
public
2022,
as
part
annual
meeting
Association
for
Scientific
Study
Consciousness
(ASSC).
They
were
invited
clarify
explananda
their
theories,
articulate
core
mechanisms
underpinning
corresponding
explanations,
outline
foundational
premises.
This
was
followed
by
open
discussion
that
delved
into
testability
potential
evidence
could
refute
them,
areas
consensus
disagreement.
Most
importantly,
demonstrated
at
stage,
more
controversy
than
agreement
pertaining
most
basic
questions
what
is,
how
identify
conscious
states,
required
theory
Addressing
crucial
advancing
towards
deeper
understanding
comparison
competing
theories.
Communications Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
4(1)
Published: March 4, 2021
Abstract
The
human
cortex
exhibits
intrinsic
neural
timescales
that
shape
a
temporal
hierarchy.
Whether
this
hierarchy
follows
the
spatial
of
its
topography,
namely
core-periphery
organization,
remains
an
open
issue.
Using
magnetoencephalography
data,
we
investigate
during
rest
and
task
states;
measure
autocorrelation
window
in
short
(ACW-50)
and,
introducing
novel
variant,
long
(ACW-0)
windows.
We
demonstrate
longer
ACW-50
ACW-0
networks
located
at
core
compared
to
those
periphery
with
states
showing
high
ACW
correlation.
Calculating
rest-task
differences,
i.e.,
subtracting
shared
reveals
task-specific
changes
distinct
networks.
Finally,
employing
kernel
density
estimation,
machine
learning,
simulation,
better
prediction
classifying
region’s
time
as
or
periphery.
Overall,
our
findings
provide
fundamental
insight
into
how
cortex’s
converges
NeuroImage,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
226, P. 117579 - 117579
Published: Nov. 20, 2020
The
brain
exhibits
a
complex
temporal
structure
which
translates
into
hierarchy
of
distinct
neural
timescales.
An
open
question
is
how
these
intrinsic
timescales
are
related
to
sensory
or
motor
information
processing
and
whether
dynamics
have
common
patterns
in
different
behavioral
states.
We
address
questions
by
investigating
the
brain's
healthy
controls,
(amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis,
locked-in
syndrome),
(anesthesia,
unresponsive
wakefulness
progressive
reduction
(from
awake
states
over
N1,
N2,
N3).
employed
combination
measures
from
EEG
resting-state
data:
auto-correlation
window
(ACW),
power
spectral
density
(PSD),
power-law
exponent
(PLE).
Prolonged
accompanied
shift
towards
slower
frequencies
were
observed
conditions
with
deficits,
but
not
deficits.
Our
results
establish
that
spontaneous
activity's
timescale
capacity
specifically
supports
rather
than
brain.
Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11(5), P. 535 - 535
Published: April 24, 2021
The
amount
of
knowledge
on
human
consciousness
has
created
a
multitude
viewpoints
and
it
is
difficult
to
compare
synthesize
all
the
recent
scientific
perspectives.
Indeed,
there
are
many
definitions
multiple
approaches
study
neural
correlates
(NCC).
Therefore,
main
aim
this
article
collect
data
various
theories
published
between
2007–2017
them
provide
general
overview
topic.
To
describe
each
theory,
we
developed
thematic
grid
called
dimensional
model,
which
qualitatively
quantitatively
analyzes
how
article,
related
one
specific
debates/analyzes
issue.
Among
1130
articles
assessed,
85
full
texts
were
included
in
prefinal
step.
Finally,
scoping
review
analyzed
68
that
described
29
consciousness.
We
found
heterogeneous
perspectives
analyzed.
Those
with
highest
grade
variability
as
follows:
subjectivity,
NCC,
consciousness/cognitive
function.
sub-cortical
structures,
thalamus,
basal
ganglia,
hippocampus
most
indicated,
whereas
cingulate,
prefrontal,
temporal
areas
reported
for
cortical
ones
also
including
thalamo-cortical
system.
Moreover,
several
21
new
sub-classifications.