The effects of social isolation stress and discrimination on mental health

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Sept. 21, 2022

Social isolation and discrimination are growing public health concerns associated with poor physical mental health. They risk factors for increased morbidity mortality reduced quality of life. Despite their detrimental effects on health, there is a lack knowledge regarding translation across the domains experimental research, clinical studies, real-life applications. Here, we review synthesize evidence from basic research in animals humans to interventions. Animal models indicate that social separation stress, particularly early life, activates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis interacts monoaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic neurotransmitter systems, inducing long-lasting reductions serotonin turnover alterations dopamine receptor sensitivity. These findings particular importance human as stress same systems have been implicated addictive, psychotic, affective disorders. Children may be vulnerable due lasting developing brain. The loneliness pronounced context exclusion racism, during widespread infectious disease related containment strategies such quarantine, older persons sociodemographic changes. This highlights new inclusion outreach, including gender, culture, socially sensitive telemedicine digital interventions care.

Language: Английский

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Early life adversity shapes neural circuit function during sensitive postnatal developmental periods

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Abstract Early life adversity (ELA) is a major risk factor for mental illness, but the neurobiological mechanisms by which ELA increases future psychopathology are still poorly understood. Brain development particularly malleable during prenatal and early postnatal life, when complex neural circuits being formed refined through an interplay of excitatory inhibitory input, synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning, myelination, neurogenesis. Adversity that influences these processes sensitive periods can thus have long-lasting pervasive effects on circuit maturation. In this review, we will discuss clinical preclinical evidence impact formation with focus period, how impairments in affect behavior. We provide converging from human animal studies alters functional brain regions, circuits, neurotransmitter systems crucial cognition affective behavior, including hippocampus, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, networks fear responses cognition, serotonin (5-HT) system. also gene-by-environment (GxE) interactions determine individual differences susceptibility resilience to ELA, as well molecular pathways regulates development, emphasize epigenetic mechanisms. Understanding underlying function may great potential advance strategies better treat or prevent psychiatric disorders their origin life.

Language: Английский

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Social Safety Theory: Conceptual foundation, underlying mechanisms, and future directions

Health Psychology Review, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 5 - 59

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Classic theories of stress and health are largely based on assumptions regarding how different psychosocial stressors influence biological processes that, in turn, affect human behavior. Although theoretically rich, this work has yielded little consensus led to numerous conceptual, measurement, reproducibility issues. Social Safety Theory aims address these issues by using the primary goal regulatory logic brain immune system as basis for specifying social-environmental situations which systems should respond most strongly maximize reproductive success survival. This analysis gave rise integrated, multi-level formulation described herein, transforms thinking about biology provides a biologically based, evolutionary account why experiences social safety threat related health, well-being, aging, longevity. In doing so, theory advances testable framework investigating biopsychosocial roots disparities well health-relevant crystalize over time perceptions environment interact with childhood microbial environment, birth cohort, culture, air pollution, genetics, sleep, diet, personality, self-harm health. The also highlights several interventions reducing promoting resilience.

Language: Английский

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A paradoxical switch: the implications of excitatory GABAergic signaling in neurological disorders

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in central nervous system. In mature brain, GABAergic signaling critical maintaining neuronal homeostasis and vital human behaviors such as cognition, emotion, motivation. While classically known to inhibit function under physiological conditions, previous research indicates a paradoxical switch from excitatory that implicated several neurological disorders. Various mechanisms have been proposed contribute chloride ion dyshomeostasis, alterations receptor expression, modifications synaptic plasticity. Of note, hypothesized underlying are highlighted number of neurodevelopmental, substance use, stress, neurodegenerative Herein, we present an updated review discussing presence various disorders, their potential contributions towards disease pathology.

Language: Английский

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Combined influence of nutritional and inflammatory status and breast cancer: findings from the NHANES

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

Previous studies have hinted at the benefits of following an anti-inflammatory diet for potentially reducing breast cancer prevalence. However, combined influence and inflammation on remains unclear.

Language: Английский

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Advanced methods and implementations for the meta-analyses of animal models: Current practices and future recommendations

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 105016 - 105016

Published: Dec. 23, 2022

Meta-analytic techniques have been widely used to synthesize data from animal models of human diseases and conditions, but these analyses often face two statistical challenges due complex nature (e.g., multiple effect sizes species): dependency confounding heterogeneity. These can lead unreliable less informative evidence, which hinders the translation findings studies. We present a literature survey meta-analysis using (animal meta-analysis), showing that issues are not adequately addressed in current practice. To address challenges, we propose meta-analytic framework based on multilevel (linear mixed-effects) models. Through conceptualization, formulations, worked examples, illustrate how this appropriately while allowing for testing new questions. Additionally, introduce other advanced such as multivariate models, robust variance estimation, emergent sizes, deliver inferences novel biological insights. also provide tutorial with annotated R code demonstrate implementation techniques.

Language: Английский

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Translational models of stress and resilience: An applied neuroscience methodology review

Neuroscience Applied, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3, P. 104064 - 104064

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Stress, encompassing psychological, physical, and physiological challenges, is an important factor affecting individual's well-being potentially leading to psychiatric, neurodegenerative, immune, metabolic disorders. However, not everyone exposed stress develops these conditions, highlighting the concept of resilience. Resilience a dynamic process categorized into four dimensions: pre-existing resilience capacity, ongoing processes, post-stress outcomes, recovery from psychopathologies. These dimensions involve genomic, cellular, systemic interactions influenced by genetic factors, early life experiences, adult experiences in addition community/environmental health behaviors. The biological response encompasses endocrine, autonomic, immunological, behavioral components, modulated stressor characteristics individual traits. Due limitations studying humans, translational models using rodents cell cultures are essential. Rodent include acute, chronic, traumatic paradigms, aiding study stress-related molecular outcomes. Additionally, models, such as prenatal maternal separation, provide insights developmental impacts. In this review, first, rodent for lifelong exposure will be summarized considering their validity, advantages, limitations. Subsequently, overview designed enhance capacity rodents, later employed outcomes given. Lastly, focus shifted culture iPSCs models. Finally, future considerations focused on improving used discussed. It aimed designs access more effective biomarkers associated with Stress complex phenomena various spanning levels. Integrating data across remains crucial unraveling complexities disorders

Language: Английский

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Multi-System Dysregulation in Placental Malaria Contributes to Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Mice

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

ABSTRACT Sequestration of Plasmodium parasites in the placental vasculature causes increased morbidity and mortality pregnant compared to non-pregnant patients malaria- endemic regions. In this study, outbred CD1 mice with semi allogeneic fetuses were infected transgenic berghei or mock-inoculated by mosquito bite at either embryonic day (E) 6 (first trimester-equivalent) 10 (second trimester- equivalent) females. P. -infected mosquitoes had greater biting avidity for E10 dams than uninfected mosquitoes, which was not apparent E6 nor Infected numbers uterus spleen, but blood liver. While found placentas, no present fetuses. Maternal infection caused maternal morbidity, rates fetal reabsorption stillbirths E10. Infection adverse offspring outcomes, including growth restriction. To identify possible mechanisms euthanized during peak parasitemia (8 days post infection), outcomes mock-infected dams. significant systemic immune activation elevated circulating lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils splenic cytokine concentrations. corticosterone decreased progesterone concentrations, could contribute perinatal through immunomodulation. There limited changes fecal microbiome after infection. Mosquito malaria provides a novel, tractable model investigate therapeutic treatments.

Language: Английский

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Prenatal Corticosterone Impacts Nestling Condition and Immunity in Eastern Bluebirds

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

ABSTRACT Exposure of avian mothers to stressful conditions permanently alters offspring behavior and physiology. Yet, the effects maternal stress on development immunity in birds remain unclear, particularly wild species. We injected Eastern bluebird ( Sialia sialis ) eggs with either a corticosterone or control solution, then measured impacts nestling morphology two measures immunity, bactericidal capacity swelling responses phytohemagglutinin. Nestlings from corticosterone‐treated had lower condition indices at hatch but quickly caught up their counterparts by Day 5 posthatch until fledging. Corticosterone‐exposed nestlings also mounted smaller phytohemagglutinin, whereas there were no capacity. These results indicate that can impact immunocompetence, fitness prospects, potentially ability fend off parasites pathogens.

Language: Английский

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Advance in the Mechanisms Underlying Prenatal Stress-induced Depressive-like Behavior in Offspring

Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9, P. 100108 - 100108

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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