Pain and the Triple Network Model

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 7, 2022

Acute pain is a physiological response that causes an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience in the presence of actual or potential tissue injury. Anatomically symptomatically, chronic pathological can be divided into three distinct but interconnected pathways, lateral "painfulness" pathway, medial "suffering" pathway descending inhibitory circuit. Pain (fullness) exist without suffering (fullness). The triple network model offering generic unifying framework may used to understand variety neuropsychiatric illnesses. It claims brain disorders are caused by aberrant interactions within between cardinal networks: self-representational default mode network, behavioral relevance encoding salience goal oriented central executive network. A painful stimulus usually leads negative cognitive, emotional, autonomic response, phenomenologically expressed as related suffering, processed pathway. This anatomically overlaps with which encodes stimuli sympathetic control When lasts longer than healing time becomes chronic, pain- associated somatosensory cortex activity become functionally connected i.e., it intrinsic part self-percept. most likely evolutionary adaptation save energy, separating from energy-consuming action. By interacting frontoparietal this eventually lead functional impairment. In conclusion, well-known pathways combined explaining whole range co-morbidities. paves path for creation new customized personalized treatment methods.

Language: Английский

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A biopolymer-gated ionotronic junctionless oxide transistor array for spatiotemporal pain-perception emulation in nociceptor network

Nanoscale, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 2316 - 2326

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Capable of reflecting the location and intensity external harmful stimuli, a nociceptor network is great importance for receiving pain-perception information. However, hardware-based implementation through use transistor array remains challenge in area brain-inspired neuromorphic applications. Herein, simple ionotronic junctionless oxide with abilities successfully realized due to coplanar-gate proton-coupling effect sodium alginate biopolymer electrolyte. Several important characteristics nociceptors are emulated, such as pain threshold, memory prior injury, sensitization behavior pathway alterations. In particular, good graded system has been established coplanar capacitance resistance. More importantly, clear polarity reversal Lorentz-type spatiotemporal emulation can be finally our projection-dependent network. This work may provide new avenues bionic medical machines humanoid robots based on these intriguing abilities.

Language: Английский

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β−Arrestins: Structure, Function, Physiology, and Pharmacological Perspectives

Pharmacological Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 75(5), P. 854 - 884

Published: April 7, 2023

The two beta-arrestins, beta-arrestin-1 and -2 (systematic names: arrestin-2 -3, respectively), are multifunctional intracellular proteins that regulate the activity of a very large number cellular signaling pathways physiological functions. were discovered for their ability to disrupt via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activated receptors. However, it is now well recognized both beta-arrestins can also act as direct modulators numerous processes either GPCR-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Recent structural, biophysical, biochemical studies have provided novel insights into how bind GPCRs downstream effector proteins. Studies with beta-arrestin mutant mice identified pathophysiological regulated by and/or -2. Following brief summary recent structural studies, this review will primarily focus on beta-arrestin-regulated functions, particular central nervous system roles in carcinogenesis key metabolic including maintenance glucose energy homeostasis. This highlight potential therapeutic implications these discuss strategies could prove useful targeting specific purposes. Significance Statement structurally closely related evolutionarily highly conserved, emerged able vast array outcome cultured cells, complemented structure function, should pave way development classes therapeutically drugs capable regulating

Language: Английский

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The differential effects of sleep deprivation on pain perception in individuals with or without chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Sleep Medicine Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 66, P. 101695 - 101695

Published: Sept. 27, 2022

Language: Английский

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Tinnitus and the Triple Network Model: A Perspective

Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 205 - 212

Published: July 11, 2022

Tinnitus is defined as the conscious awareness of a sound without an identifiable external source, and tinnitus disorder with associated suffering. Chronic has been anatomically phenomenologically separated into three pathways: lateral “sound” pathway, medial “suffering” descending noise-canceling pathway. Here, triple network model proposed unifying framework common to neuropsychiatric disorders. It proposes that abnormal interactions among cardinal networks—the self-representational default mode network, behavioral relevance-encoding salience goal-oriented central executive network—underlie brain commonly leads negative cognitive, emotional, autonomic responses, expressed tinnitus-related suffering, processed by This overlaps encoding relevance stimulus. can also become self-representing becomes intrinsic part self-percept. likely energy-saving evolutionary adaptation, detaching from sympathetic energy-consuming activity. Eventually, this lead functional disability interfering network. In conclusion, these pathways be extended explaining all tinnitus-associated comorbidities. paves way for development individualized treatment modalities.

Language: Английский

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Defining suffering in pain. A systematic review on pain-related suffering using natural language processing

Pain, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 165(7), P. 1434 - 1449

Published: March 5, 2024

Understanding, measuring, and mitigating pain-related suffering is a key challenge for both clinical care pain research. However, there no consensus on what exactly the concept of includes, it often not precisely operationalized in empirical studies. Here, we (1) systematically review conceptualization existing literature, (2) develop definition conceptual framework, (3) use machine learning to cross-validate results. We identified 111 articles systematic search Web Science, PubMed, PsychINFO, PhilPapers peer-reviewed containing contributions about experience suffering. developed new procedure extracting synthesizing study information based cross-validation qualitative analysis with an artificial intelligence-based approach grounded large language models topic modeling. derived from literature that representative current theoretical views describes as severely negative, complex, dynamic response perceived threat individual's integrity self identity person. also offer framework distinguishing 8 dimensions: social, physical, personal, spiritual, existential, cultural, cognitive, affective. Our data show multidimensional phenomenon closely related but distinct itself. The present provides roadmap further development.

Language: Английский

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A safety and feasibility randomized placebo controlled trial exploring electroencephalographic effective connectivity neurofeedback treatment for fibromyalgia

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Chronic Pain and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: A Scoping Review

Pain and Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

The aim of this study was to map the association between Chronic Pain (CP) and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in present literature. A scoping review conducted with a comprehensive search literature peer-reviewed journals. Search parameters included articles written English, published at any time, including terms associated both CP OCD. Databases searched for purposes Psychinfo, Medline, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL, Scopus, Web Science, Cochrane, Google Scholar. 87 records, comprising 49 primary research 38 secondary records. Extracted information from these were grouped into four broad classifications. Prevalence Severity classification 39 records which comprised: (1) detailing current OCD prevalence rates conditions (differentiated general population Pain/Medical/Hospital clinics); (2) lifetime conditions; (3) OCD; (4) relationships through psychometric measures; (5) relating rates. Neurobiology 28 (primary research) convergent divergent neurobiological/neurophysiological aspects as reported CP. Psychological Models/Factors 7 pain-related anxiety, neuropsychological measures, catastrophic thinking, preservative early maladaptive schemas, schema modes, childhood trauma experiences, conditional associative learning, Intervention 32 on neurosurgical, medication, psychotherapeutic interventions; Deep Brain Stimulation; Medication; lesion, cingulotomy, other surgical procedures; interventional procedures. While there has been considerable growing fields over years, focused their potential limited potentially overlooked. results review, however, suggest complex relationship two vary widely across different populations, although underlying reason remains unclear stage. There are commonalities alterations pain processing, dysregulation certain brain regions, abnormalities neurotransmitter systems conditions. In treatment, use can be made overlapping pathophysiological processes, psychological aspects, range approaches that share targets promote efficacy. However, presentations make it challenging accurately clarify. Further directed robust, high-quality studies will needed expand our understanding area.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms for Orofacial Pain: Roles of Immunomodulation, Metabolic Reprogramming, Oxidative Stress and Epigenetic Regulation

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 434 - 434

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Background and Objectives: Orofacial pain corresponds to sensitization originating from the facial oral regions, often accompanied by diagnostic complexity due a multitude of contributory factors, leading significant patient distress impairment. Here, we have reviewed current mechanistic pathways biochemical aspects complex orofacial pathology, highlighting recent advancements in understanding its multifactorial regulation signaling thus providing holistic approach challenging it. Materials Methods: Studies were identified an online search PubMed database without any time range. Results: We discussed neuron–glia interactions glial cell activation terms immunomodulatory effects, metabolism reprogramming effects epigenetic modulatory response comprising different factors. highlighted fundamental role oxidative stress affecting cellular as well machinery, which renders pathology intricate multidimensional. Emerging research on modulation regulatory genes molecular environmental factors is also discussed, alongside updates novel treatment approaches. Conclusions: This review deliberates integrative perspectives implications immune system, glucose metabolism, lipid redox homeostasis mitochondrial dysfunction accommodating effect dysregulated non-coding RNAs for interdisciplinary at level, aiming improve outcomes with precise diagnosis offering improved management treatment.

Language: Английский

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The human insula processes both modality-independent and pain-selective learning signals

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. e3001540 - e3001540

Published: May 6, 2022

Prediction errors (PEs) are generated when there differences between an expected and actual event or sensory input. The insula is a key brain region involved in pain processing, studies have shown that the encodes magnitude of unexpected outcome (unsigned PEs). In addition to signaling this general information, PEs can give specific information on direction deviation-i.e., whether better worse than expected. It unclear unsigned PE responses selective for reflective more processing aversive events irrespective modality. also unknown process signed at all. Understanding these mechanisms has implications understanding how processed both health chronic conditions. study, 47 participants learned associations 2 conditioned stimuli (CS) with 4 unconditioned (US; painful heat loud sound, one low high intensity each) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) skin conductance response (SCR) measurements. We demonstrate activation anterior correlated PEs, modality, indicating unspecific surprise signal. Conversely, signals were modality specific, following but not sound located dorsal posterior insula, area implicated processing. Previous identified abnormal function learning as potential causes chronification. Our findings link results suggest misrepresentation relevant insular cortex may serve underlying factor pain.

Language: Английский

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