Microglia dysfunction drives disrupted hippocampal amplitude of low frequency after acute kidney injury

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(2)

Published: July 19, 2023

Abstract Aims Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been associated with a variety of neurological problems, while the neurobiological mechanism remains unclear. In present study, we utilized resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) to detect brain at an early stage and investigated impact microglia on neuropathological AKI. Methods Rs‐fMRI data were collected from AKI rats control group 9.4‐Tesla scanner 24, 48, 72 h post administration contrast medium or saline. The amplitude low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF) was then compared across groups each time course. Additionally, flow cytometry SMART‐seq2 employed evaluate microglia. Furthermore, pathological staining Western blot used analyze samples. Results MRI results revealed that led decreased ALFF in hippocampus, particularly 48 groups. western suggested AKI‐induced neuronal apoptosis h. Flow confocal microscopy images demonstrated activated aggregation into neurons 24 h, strong upregulation M1 polarization peaking accompanying release proinflammatory cytokines. value strongly correlated proportion (| r | > 0.80, p < 0.001). Conclusions Our study inflammatory factor are significant mechanisms apoptosis. We fMRI alterations hippocampal function, which may provide noninvasive method for detection after

Language: Английский

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Making the case for prophylactic use of betaine to promote brain health in young (15–24 year old) athletes at risk for concussion

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

Betaine supplementation in the context of human nutrition, athletic performance, and clinical therapy demonstrate that osmolyte methyl donor, betaine, is cytoprotective beneficial to health. These studies also betaine healthy humans straight-forward with no reported adverse effects. Here, we explore uptake central nervous system (CNS) contribute evidence may be uniquely protective brain. We specifically describe therapeutic potential implications on inhibition mediated by GABA glycine neurotransmission. The influence neurophysiology complement betaine’s role as an metabolite consistent betaine-mediated improvements cognitive function (reported elderly populations) its anti-convulsant properties. Betaine’s neurological disorders including epilepsy neurodegenerative diseases combined benefits performance support unique application a prophylaxis concussion. As example, identify young athletes (15–24 years old), especially females, for prophylactic promote brain health resilience cohort at high risk concussion developing Alzheimer’s disease.

Language: Английский

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Traumatic Brain Injury and Opioids: Twin Plagues of the Twenty-First Century

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(1), P. 6 - 14

Published: May 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Molecular Crossfires between Inflammasome Signalling and Dietary Small Molecule Inhibitors in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications for Medical Nutrition Therapy

EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(04), P. 68 - 80

Published: July 9, 2024

Neurodegenerative disorders are a range of debilitating conditions that manifest due to the progressive loss neuronal cells in specific brain regions. Current therapeutic options less than adequate many respects. Protein misfolding and aggregation hallmarks most common neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, they elicit cellular homeostasis disruption, synaptic connection loss, subsequent apoptosis. In recent years, research has increasingly linked dysregulated inflammatory responses mediated by inflammasome complex several conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Epilepsy, Huntington’s Autism, stroke etc. The is cytosolic multiprotein essential for innate immunity. Microglia primary expressing inflammasomes central nervous system, although astrocytes, neurons, infiltrating myeloid can also express activate inflammasomes. Regrettably, signaling upregulates release pro-inflammatory cytokines, well activating caspase-1. This process contributes continuation neuroinflammation damage neurons. this review existing literatures, we collated empirical evidences about various pathways selected neurological Majorly, emphasised their influence on advancement diseases cell death. Available data showed dietary small molecule inhibitors offer multi-targeted interactions inhibit signalling upstream neuroinflammation. Notably, baseline mechanisms involve suppression free radicals, downregulating NF-κB NLRP3 oligomerization, anti-inflammatory pathways, reducing ER stress, modulating Nrf2-ARE pathway. shows promise developing innovative medical nutrition therapies conditions.

Language: Английский

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Competitive Endogenous RNA Network Associated with Pyroptosis in the Acute Phase of Post Traumatic Brain Injury

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent neurosurgical condition that can lead to significant disability and mortality. This study investigates the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) pyroptosis in neuroinflammation during acute phase post-TBI. We analyzed 58 pyroptosis-related genes through mRNA-seq injured 33 mice subjected controlled cortical impact (CCI), organized into 11 groups with different time points (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24, 72, 148 hours), including sham control. Notably, due significance 12-hour point inflammatory response, it was selected for whole RNA-seq profile lncRNA expression, which revealed 540 differentially expressed mRNAs (419 upregulated, 121 downregulated) 95 lncRNAs (42 53 downregulated). Four key (Casp4, Il1a, Il1b, Il6) were significantly overexpressed. Utilizing R package “multiMiR” various databases (“miRDB”, “Starbase” “LncBase v3.0”), we identified miRNA-mRNA lncRNA-miRNA interactions, culminating pyroptosis-associated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network comprising 4 lncRNAs, 16 miRNAs, mRNAs. The showed concordance between targeted gene expression verified by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results. Our findings indicate Casp4-mediated non-canonical may play critical following TBI, offering insights potential therapeutic targets mechanisms TBI management.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the predictive power of biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: A narrative review focused on clinical outcomes

Biomedical Papers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 17, 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long-term consequences, including neurodegenerative disease risk. Current diagnostic tools are limited in detecting subtle damage. This review explores emerging biomarkers for TBI, those related to neuronal injury, inflammation, EVs, and ncRNAs, evaluating their potential predict clinical outcomes like mortality, recovery, cognitive impairment. It addresses challenges opportunities implementing practice, aiming improve TBI diagnosis, prognosis, treatment.

Language: Английский

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Current update on management strategies for neurological and psychological disorders

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 149, P. 105128 - 105128

Published: March 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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