Action initiation and punishment learning differ from childhood to adolescence while reward learning remains stable

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

Abstract Theoretical and empirical accounts suggest that adolescence is associated with heightened reward learning impulsivity. Experimental tasks computational models can dissociate from the tendency to initiate actions impulsively (action initiation bias) are thus critical characterise mechanisms drive developmental differences. However, existing work has rarely quantified both ability action initiation, or it relied on small samples. Here, using modelling of a task collected large sample ( N = 742, 9-18 years, 11 countries), we test differences in punishment childhood adolescence. Computational reveals whilst rates increase age, remains stable. In parallel, biases decrease age. Results similar when considering pubertal stage instead chronological We conclude responsivity reflect rather than enhanced learning.

Language: Английский

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Informing the treatment of social anxiety disorder with computational and neuroimaging data

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Neuropsychological Mechanisms of Social Aggression

Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 172 - 181

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

<p style="text-align: justify;">The following article presents an overview of contemporary foreign studies on the neuropsychological status individuals who have committed socially aggressive actions. It describes factors that influence formation behaviour and thoroughly analyzes main theoretical views nature social aggression. Moreover, highlights research directions this issue in modern neuropsychology. The analysis various aspects aggression is presented, including features cognitive regulatory processes perpetrators violence. also methods used to study executive functions their orientation. Furthermore, it critically empirical violence, meta-analytical studies, challenges traditional understanding dysfunctionality patients with frontal lobe brain lesions. difference between manifestations process disorders persons injuries childhood adulthood. Finally, conducts a critical hypotheses biological basis paper addresses controversial issues regarding causal relationship pathology aggression, as well hierarchy relations deficits. possible for further promising neuropsychology.</p>

Language: Английский

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Exploring when to exploit: the cognitive underpinnings of foraging-type decisions in relation to psychopathy

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Impairments in reinforcement learning (RL) might underlie the tendency of individuals with elevated psychopathic traits to behave exploitatively, as they fail learn from their mistakes. Most studies on topic have focused binary choices, while everyday functioning requires us value multiple options. In this study, we evaluated cognitive correlates naturalistic foraging-type decision-making and electrophysiological signatures a community sample (n = 108) varying degrees traits. Reinforcers different salience were included task. Recruitment various processes was estimated computational model electrophysiology, relationships assessed. Higher Antisocial associated bias towards expecting more volatility environment when high-salience reinforcers used. Additionally, higher levels Interpersonal reduced personalized rewards, evidenced by reductions prediction errors (PEs) about rate change. Affective lower PEs aberrant painful punishments. Lastly, change reflected trial-wise trajectories Feedback-Related Negativity event-related potentials. Together, our results point importance processing understanding relation psychopathy, demonstrate between through reward punishment, emphasise potentially beneficial effect rewards punishment for improving reinforcement-based

Language: Английский

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Altered Neural Responses to Punishment Learning in Conduct Disorder

Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Conduct disorder (CD) is associated with deficits in the use of punishment for reinforcement learning (RL) and subsequent decision-making, contributing to reckless, antisocial, aggressive behaviors. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examine whether differences behavioral rates derived from computational modeling, particularly punishment, are reflected aberrant neural responses youths CD compared typically-developing controls (TDCs). 75 99 TDCs (9-18 years, 47% girls) performed a probabilistic RL task reward, neutral contingencies. Using fMRI data conjunction modeling indices (learning rate α), investigated group three conditions whole-brain regions-of-interest (ROI) analyses, including ventral striatum insula. Whole-brain analysis revealed typical both groups. However, linear regression models ROI analyses that only response pattern (anterior) insula during was different TDCs. Youths have atypical (but not reward), specifically This suggests selective dysfunction mechanisms thereby 'punishment insensitivity/hyposensitivity' as hallmark disorder. As involved avoidance behaviors related negative affect or arousal, may contribute inappropriate which increases risk affected youth.

Language: Английский

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Conduct disorder is associated with heightened action initiation and reduced learning from punishment but not reward

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Theoretical and empirical accounts of conduct disorder (CD) suggest problems with reinforcement learning as well heightened impulsivity. These two facets can manifest in similar behaviour, such risk-taking. Computational models that dissociate from impulsively initiating actions are essential for understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying CD. A large, international sample youths 11 European countries (N = 1418, typically developing (TD) n 742, CD 676) completed a task. We used computational modelling to disentangle reward punishment action initiation. Punishment rates were significantly reduced compared their TD peers, suggesting they did not update based on outcomes strongly. Intriguingly, those also had greater tendency initiate regardless outcomes, although ability learn was comparable peers. additionally observed variability initiation correlated self-reported impulsivity findings provide support CD, while is typical. Our results behaviours appearing superficially reflect differences could impulsive instead. Such asymmetric punishment, increased initiation, have important implications tailoring learning-based interventions help

Language: Английский

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Severity of Psychopathy in a Community-Recruited Sample is Indexed by Increased Social Discounting

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 7, 2025

Psychopathy is a personality construct characterized by boldness, disinhibition, insensitivity to others’ suffering or distress, and persistent engagement in behaviors that harm others. These combined features suggest highly psychopathic people may place much less subjective weight on outcomes relative their own. We therefore assessed social discounting, which indexes how the value of declines as function distance, novel, demographically diverse community sample very-high psychopathy adults (n = 288), well similar controls 427), who also reported antisocial criminal behavior. Results show robust increases discounting increases, reduced valuation partially mediates group differences insights emphasize importance understanding traits manifest highlight need for interventions aimed at increasing are valued.

Language: Английский

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A cost-benefit framework for prosocial motivation—Advantages and challenges

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 24, 2023

OPINION article Front. Psychiatry, 24 March 2023Sec. Social Neuroscience Volume 14 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1170150

Language: Английский

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Neurocomputational basis of learning when choices simultaneously affect both oneself and others

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Most prosocial and antisocial behaviors affect ourselves others simultaneously. To know whether to repeat that help or harm, we must learn from their outcomes. But the neurocomputational processes supporting such simultaneous learning remain poorly understood. In this pre-registered study, two independent samples learned make choices simultaneously affected themselves another person. Detailed model comparison showed people integrate self- other-relevant information into a single cached value per choice, but update asymmetrically based on different types of prediction errors related target (e.g., self, other) valence positive, negative). People who acquire more patterns are sensitive about how others. However, those with higher levels subclinical psychopathic traits relatively insensitive unexpected outcomes for Model-based neuroimaging revealed distinct brain regions tracking guided by asymmetric update. These results demonstrate way distinctly encode resulting behavior guides desirable same will be in future, regardless it is mutually beneficial costly, instrumentally harmful, altruistic.

Language: Английский

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Impaired Punishment Learning in Conduct Disorder

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63(4), P. 454 - 463

Published: July 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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